Discusses the events in the ninth century that moved astronomy away from the pursuit of mystical hermetic sciences and astrology back toward observation and measurement. Describes the achievements of astronomers and the instruments and calculations used during that period. (JRH)

This bulletin responds to frequent requests for practical information relating to equipment and supplies for teaching science in small high schools. Laboratories for science courses have been for several decades necessary parts of every high school teaching the sciences. This bulletin is a brief survey of the necessary equipment to teach the…

Until the eighteenth century, doctors were reluctant to use chemicals to alleviate pain because they accepted the religious/moral beliefs of their day, claiming that pain was beneficial for the body. Traces technical developments in the control of pain, discussing relationships of anesthesia to social, cultural, and scientific factors and…

The fifth in a series of innovators in the teaching of elementary school science, this essay outlines the contributions of Florence Billig (1890-1967). (CS)

This bibliographic survey contains a review of the history of science education in secondary schools in England and Wales during the twentieth century. Included are discussions of elementary school curriculum, nature study movement, biology, general science movement, scientific education for girls, teaching methods, examinations, textbooks,…

The origins of academic chemistry are described and the author's views on the future of university academic chemistry are presented. (HM)

Discusses the history of electron theory from 1897 to 1987. Includes the works of some physicists, such as Thomson, Lorentz, De Broglie, Bohr, Pauli, Dirac, Feynman, Wheeler, Weinberg, and Salam. (YP)

Describes the research efforts of scientists involved in discovering chemical transmission of the nerve impulse. The work includes that of J.N. Langley, George Oliver, Edward A. Schafer, Reid Hunt, Henry Dale, Henry Wellcome, Otto Loewi, and others. The discovery and the importance of both acetylcholine and adrenaline are also discussed. (84…

Describes efforts under the sponsorship of the National Research Council (NRC) to improve science education. Provides an overview of the National Science Education Standards. First published in 1995. (YDS)

Outlines the contents of Volume II of "Principia" by Sir Isaac Newton. Reviews the contributions of subsequent scientists to the physics of fluid dynamics. Discusses the treatment of fluid mechanics in physics curricula. Highlights a few of the problems of modern research in fluid dynamics. Shows that problems still remain. (CW)

Celebrates the 300th anniversary of "Principia Mathematica" written by Sir Isaac Newton. Reviews Newton's life and the circumstances which relate to "Principia." Relates the contributions of other scientists of Newton's time. Discusses Newton's life after the publication of "Principia." (CW)

This is intended to be a how-to-do guide for the elementary classroom teacher whose principal has recently said, "We usually teach more science. You know our children are living in a scientific age." It's for teachers who want to learn some down-to-earth things about how to begin to teach science if they don't know much subject matter,…

Reviews the history of science and religion in the United States, examining: (1) science and religion in the colonies; (2) science and scripture in the early republic; (3) the Darwinian debates; and (4) science and religion in modern America. (JN)

Discusses major events leading to the development of the octet rule. Three conclusions based on the work of Mendeleev, Abegg, Thompson, Kossel, Lewis, and Langmuir are considered as is the debate over the rule's validity. (JN)

This chemistry textbook presents a beginning course for schools or colleges. It presents a more complete classification than usual according to chemical analogies, the explanation of chemical phenomena in ordinary language, as well as symbols, and the addition of a complete set of formulae in the appendix. A number of recent and important…