The structure of educational control in the United States is said to have evolved from theocratic to professional to bureaucratic forms, and finally to a tightly integrated form of technocratic control heralded by new forms of technology, sophisticated types of administration, and the Supreme Court decision concerning Yeshiva. (Author/MLW)

This review of Japanese educational policy in Micronesia from 1920-36 describes the separate school systems established for natives and for Japanese immigrants. Native schools offered a shorter, less rigorous program whose main intent was socialization to Japanese language and culture. (SJL)

This article traces the development of Swettenham's thought and action in the sphere of formal education in the Federated Maylay States. This reappraisal of Swettenham's career is designed to cast light upon the early years of British Malaya, and upon the strengths and failings of its educational system. (Author/SJL)

A Project of "oral history" research into Scottish educational policymaking is described. Changes in the functions performed by governmental and public bodies in the 1950s and 1960s are discussed in terms of models and theories of policymaking. (Author)

The relationship between work and education in the People's Republic of China is discussed. Parallels between Confucian and Maoist views of education, the Maoist view of education as an instrument to overcome the inequities in society, and work in education as an agent of moral improvement are described. (MLW)

Identifies similarities and differences in the French and British models of colonial education in sub-Saharan Africa. Draws on the statements of policymakers in official reports and government studies to highlight the "signposts" of colonial educational policy--phrases referring to policy goals and to moral claims and cultural…

During the early colonial period in Cyprus, British officials ignored Cyprus's distinctive characteristics (widespread Christianity and "European" character) and pursued the universal British colonial policy of education "adapted to the (perceived inferior) capabilities and conditions of clients." By 1930, however, political…

Explores issues of academic freedom and autonomy in various systems of higher education in Latin America, with emphasis on the Brazilian case. Analyzes the issues of financial and administrative autonomy and tensions between the universities and the state during three historical periods: 1920s-50s, 1960s-70s, and 1980s-90s. (Contains 28…

The author analyzes manufacturers' involvement in the turn-of-the-century movement to include vocational education in the secondary school curriculum. He tests the "vocationalist" interpretation of this development and provides insights for current vocational education policy deliberations. (Author/CH)

First published in 1969 in "Journal of Geography," this article suggested an introductory geography course provided an introduction to field of geography and provided useful image of world. Claimed that these objectives were viewed as incompatible, and suggested a geography course that served both purposes. Described early textbooks and the…

Reviews Cambodia's educational development, characterized by a series of successive crises since the country's independence from France in 1953. Examines various approaches of development discourse to the educational crisis, and suggests that previous analyses of Cambodia's educational development have failed to recognize the tensions generated by…

In the early 1900s, a central theme in many books and scholarly works about Mexico and Mexicans was the transnational "Mexican problem"--the innate political and cultural backwardness that prevented Mexico's development and modernization. These works greatly influenced both U.S. policy toward Mexico and educational policies aimed at…

This paper reviews the history of early childhood education in China between 1949 and 1990. After the Communist revolution in 1949, China's educational policy was modeled after the Soviet Union's. Preschool pedagogy emphasized conditioning children's behavior and providing a comfortable environment for children. The number of nurseries and…

This paper reviews the history of the placement of mentally retarded students during the first half of this century. In 1900, it was generally assumed that custodial care of feebleminded persons was necessary to protect society. Severely retarded students were regularly excluded from public school attendance. Soon school officials began adopting…

This autobiography recounts the life story of an African American educator at the University of Iowa from 1965 to 1991, as its first African American professor and then as its first African American administrator. The book recounts his childhood and family relations, his student years at the university and his graduation as an electrical engineer,…