Advances in public education in the USSR have been impressive. Over a relatively short historical span, the country has seen not only the eradication of illiteracy but also the establishment of universal elementary and secondary education. Higher and secondary specialized education has expanded prodigiously. (RM)

While Martin Luther is often regarded as an outstanding educator and his historical importance as a religious leader is indisputable, a closer examination of his writings on religion and education and his virulent anti-Semitism leave his status as an outstanding general educator open to serious question. (IS)

This research project is part of a larger study that will culminate in a book entitled "Culture and Education: The Social Consequences of Westernization in Contemporary Swaziland." While the major focus of that book is concerned with present day Swaziland, this historical research was needed in order to place the present day study of…

The first chairs in education were established in Scotland in 1876; education departments were founded in English universities in the late 1890s. Discussed are the four periods through which the study of education in Britain passed. Education as a specific focus of study did not enter universities until the 1960s. (Author/RM)

The impact of Pestalozzian methods on art and music education in the 19th century is examined. In both disciplines these methods departed from traditional rote methods through the use of exercises to measure space (drawing) and time (vocal music). Each developed differently because of social forces affecting their educational roles. (Author/IS)

Education in China was dominated for 2000 years by Confucianism, with its reverence for learning and resultant class system. Under Mao, education emphasized practical applications of subject matter and the importance of manual labor. Since Mao's death, schools are again beginning to emphasize the development of intellectual skills. (CS)

The history of higher education has paid scant attention to the attitudes and expectations of its customers, students, and employers of graduates. Recent research on student and employer attitudes toward higher education sectors has not taken into account these expectations in the context of recent higher education history. (Author/MSE)

Formalism is entrenched in Australian legal education, and its impact is destructive and narrowing. A presentation of the history of American legal education as a reflection of the social values and experimental nature of American society illustrates some solutions to this formalism. (MSE)

In the last 25 years, educational psychology has changed and expanded as a discipline. The major educational reform movements have increased the need for research data and for psychological services in the schools, thus expanding the role of the educational psychologist. (SJL)

The aim of this paper is to attempt a comparative analysis, in a historical context, of attempts to move education policy for Maoris in New Zealand and Indians in the United States away from an assimilationist model and to demonstrate the relevance of this comparison to contemporary developments. (Author)

Traces the histories of rural education and rural technology in four countries. Suggests that the economic function of education is the transmission of technologically relevant skills, and that technologically appropriate curricula are a necessary part of economic development policy. 30 references. (SV)

Examines the Scottish university tradition and the origins and particulars of Scottish-Anglo differences in higher education. Discusses the 19th-century growth of Scottish universities, which lacked formal entrance requirements; students' rights and power in the university; academic degrees awarded; relationship with the state; and student…

This comprehensive account of Chinese higher education during the modern period examines 100 years of the development of universities in China, with special emphasis on the cultural patterns that shaped them in ways that differed from the development of Western universities. The first chapter compares Chinese and Western traditions of higher…

Women's education in 16th and 17th century England is discussed. Prior to the 16th century, education for women had a religious focus. That picture was changed by three 16th century events: the rise of humanism, the Protestant Reformation, and the reign of Elizabeth I. Humanists recommended that women be given advanced education. Many Protestant…

Democratization of education in Japan is still recent, and women continue to lag behind men in higher education. However, women's expectations of social participation are increasingly higher, and in another 10 years women graduates of the mass stage of higher education will reach the age for influential decision-making positions. (JHZ)