In light of the current American interest in school vouchers as proposed by economist Milton Friedman, recapitulates the origins, content, and fate of an 1872 law drafted by a French parliamentary commission to establish a countrywide voucher scheme for primary schools. (NEC)

Describes the career and methods of A. S. Makarenko, revered in the Soviet Union for his successful work with children abandoned in the Civil War (1918-1921). Evolution of his theories in later Soviet education is traced and comparisons made with institutions for homeless or delinquent youth in other countries. (SJL)

Presents a brief overview of educational practice, priorities, problems, and objectives in China from 1949-1976. Major periods are identified as statism and the schools (1953-55), internal criticism and response (1955-57), the Great Leap Forward (1958-60), readjustment and compromise (1961-66), the cultural revolution (1966), and post-Mao Tse-tung…

Examines the social corporatism model of policy formation as it has contributed to various cycles of Norwegian educational reform since the mid-1800s. Concludes that, although corporatism is a tool of social control, it also provides a feasible mechanism for revolutionary policy formation. Contains 39 references. (SV)

Traces the status of comparative education within educational studies since 1945. Compares the development of educational studies as a university subject and the role of comparative education in educational studies in four leading Nordic universities: the University of Copenhagen, University of Stockholm, University of Helsinki, and University of…

Traces the career of Claude A. Eggertsen, who helped to establish comparative education as the centerpiece in the Social Foundations Department of the School of Education at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Discusses Eggertsen's involvement with the Comparative and International Education Society and his view of global awareness as essential…

Early tendencies of peace education in Sweden are discussed in this document. The time span is from the second part of the 19th century to the beginning of World War II. Peace education put special emphasis on exposing the contradiction between religious and history education. Religious education preached love and reconciliatory spirit, while…

Peter Manniche (1880-1981) founded the International People's College, Helsingor, Denmark, in 1921 as an experiment in peace education, "a miniature League of Nations." It is a folk high school, and in many ways from its inception up to today is still in the maintenance of the Grundtvigian folk high school, except that it is the only…

Many problems of educational policy are influenced by the distribution of tasks between the federal government and the Lander as prescribed by the German constitution. How the experiences of the Weimar Republic have affected education in the Federal Republic is shown through an analysis of constitutional history. (RM)

Greek Prime Minister Andreas Papandreou promised his electorate ultimately to bring about a fundamental reform in university education. This will be a very difficult task. The inadequacies of the Greek higher education system in the past help to explain why. (RM)

An historical survey of the Norwegian educational system is provided. Education in Norway is universal, pluralistic, and at government expense through the upper secondary school. Higher education has an open-door policy, and the tuition fees are very modest. (RM)

In the mid-1920s, a virulent renewal of the age-old German dispute regarding what form German schools should take resulted in a political crisis. Worsened Catholic-liberal relations contributed to a split in the bourgeois middle, making political cooperation more difficult and hindering a moderate evolution of the Weimar state. (RM)

How the comparison of different economic systems came to be included as a part of the Oxford and Cambridge (England) A-level syllabus is reviewed. (Author/RM)

Reviews the origins of the modern mathematics (often called new mathematics) and explores its implications vis-a-vis its spread to developing nations. India is used as a case study. (DB)

This book is a biography of Dr. K. S. Cunningham, founding director of the Australian Council for Educational Research. Cunningham is considered one of the most influential figures in the development of education, psychology, and the social sciences in Australia. The biography examines Cunningham's early family life, his educational experiences,…