Women can benefit from sports activities across the entire continuum from play to professional. Women have been catapulted into serious sports training and have been able to contend for more sports opportunities due to the evolution of clothing reforms, more acceptable sports, the right to vote, and the right to control pregnancy. Women have…

Migrations from 1900-1920 were analyzed, focusing on the overall pattern of Mexican migrations to the United States during the two decades; migrations to Texas, the major recipient of migrants during the period; and migrations into the lower Rio Grande Valley. Data were based on official registrations either entering the United States or leaving…

The study reported in this paper was undertaken to determine the number of blacks who graduated from a selected group of nine eastern universities between 1895 and 1945. Conditions and black student experiences during this period are considered and compared with the present. A short review of history prior to 1895 is provided to put into…

At the beginning of the twentieth century one-third of black women worked; most did agricultural or domestic work. Gradually as employment benefits increased and anti-discrimination laws were enforced, work opportunities for black women became more varied and better paying. (VM)

Review of history of the education of Black librarians from 1910 to the present focuses on the underrepresentation of Blacks in the field. Highlights include opportunities offered at library schools, support of public and private foundations, court decisions, and recommendations for future participation of Blacks in library science. (CD)

Public education has been a major growth industry in the 1990s, expanding its employment by nearly 24 percent from 1988 to 1998. The 1.8 million jobs added in state and local government education functions placed this sector third among America's growth industries in the sheer magnitude of its employment rise. This report examines the record of…

Charlotte Hawkins Brown devoted her life to the building of the Palmer Memorial Institute from a small neighborhood elementary school to a high school and junior college for Blacks from across the nation. In addition, Brown became active in interracial organizing, women's club work, and efforts for racial advancement. (Author/GC)

This review of Japanese educational policy in Micronesia from 1920-36 describes the separate school systems established for natives and for Japanese immigrants. Native schools offered a shorter, less rigorous program whose main intent was socialization to Japanese language and culture. (SJL)

This article traces the development of Swettenham's thought and action in the sphere of formal education in the Federated Maylay States. This reappraisal of Swettenham's career is designed to cast light upon the early years of British Malaya, and upon the strengths and failings of its educational system. (Author/SJL)

The author reviews the entry of women into the teaching profession in nineteenth-century America, noting that, while the primary motivation for encouraging women to teach was that they could be paid less than men, this economic justification was obscured by sentimental pronouncements about women's superior moral and nurturant power. (SJL)

In politics, economics, education, and religion, Blacks still largely depend upon White institutions. White resistance to affirmative action means that the subordinate position of Blacks in American society is likely to continue. The only feasible alternative is Black mobilization and organization on a scale parallel to that of the 1960s.…

Although there have been improvements for Black Americans in civil rights, economic opportunity, and political influence over the past 30 years, serious social inequities remain, and race relations have in many ways worsened. Chronicles numerous instances of violence, discrimination, inequality, political underrepresentation, and socioeconomic…

Investigates the influence of generation and country of origin on occupational mobility between 1880 and 1900 among a sample of U.S. White men. These factors seem to have had little influence on the mobility process during this period, though northern and western European immigrants gained occupationally from newer migration flows. (AF)

Analyzes the rise of photography during the Civil War period, and discusses current photographic technology. Examines photography entrepreneurs, and expounds on notable individuals in photography. Describes types of photographs taken, problems encountered in gathering pictures, and popular responses to photography. Concentrates on Civil War…

Analyzes documentary evidence about ability grouping and tracking for educating diverse student populations. The article discusses the historical treatment of individual differences, clarifies why and how schools function at present, presents pros and cons of ability grouping and tracking, and discusses the impact of immigrants on issues of equal…