This paper provides some of the historical context of the efforts of the American Library Association (ALA) to define, extend, protect and advocate for equity of access, focusing on central tendencies rather than internal debate. The first section, "Toward the Concept of Access," discusses: how ALA became a public service organization; extension…

The last 30 years of U.S. political history have seen dramatic strides in the impact that minorities play in U.S. politics. This second volume of a two-volume set addresses the historical and contemporary impact of two of the largest minority groups in the United States. Divided into two sections, the encyclopedia addresses the political struggles…

Examines the historical development of cultural pluralism and describes sociopolitical influences that affected the rise of minorities in Canada. Observes that Canadian society has been historically dual, composed mainly of French and English Canadians, but that the duality has been modified by plurality due to immigration policy and social…

Discusses education of Nisei (first American-born children of Japanese immigrants) in the local Hawaiian public schools, focusing on American public schooling in Hawaii and Hawaiian schooling and (1) economic control; (2) class perpetuation; (3) occupational training; and (4) Americanization. (Author/JN)

The purpose of this article is to describe how various minority women--immigrants and the poor--have participated in American schooling since 1900. It is part of a theme issue: "Views of Women in Education: Past, Present, and Future." (Author/SJL)

Historians have traditionally either denied the existence or distorted the experience of women of color in U.S. history. As a result, Chinese American women, despite the fact that they have been in the United States since 1834, have remained nearly invisible. The Chinese Women of America Research Project embarked on an ambitious journey four years…

The article describes different types of teacher expectations and expectation effects, particularly on minority students. Evidence for the existence of expectation effects is reviewed. Descriptions of behaviors associated with teacher expectations are summarized and recommendations are made for enhancing the learning environment for all students.…

Of the educational work of the Young Women's Christian Associations only a part is done in the educational departments. The whole association is an educational project. For specific pieces of education, it organizes educational committees and departments in those associations that are large enough, and classes in those that do not maintain…

In an excerpt from his autobiography, a Mexican-American expresses his strong feelings about the unfortunate realities behind affirmative action and bilingual education, based on his own experiences and observation of others'. (MSE)

Discusses foreign language school controversey in Hawaii, initially precipitated over the general quality of Island education and policy. Addresses various issues and court decisions, and legislation related to the schools, including the issue of Americanization of Hawaii's Asian immigrant population in the wake of World War I. (Author/JN)

Discusses key aspects of a Marxist approach to ethnicity to demonstrate that the Marxist problematic, as a model interdisciplinary approach to ethnic studies, is the most effective framework for analyzing developments within and between ethnic communities in capitalist society. Shows why this model works. (JS)

A system of completely equal treatment of state and religious denominational elementary schools has existed in the Netherlands since 1920 and is firmly rooted in previous centuries of Dutch history. Development of this "pillarized" educational system is traced and discussed in relation to situations in South Africa and in countries with…

The materials presented here contain information about Cajun history, demography, language, music, and song. They include: a list of significant dates and events in Cajun history, from 1604 to 1990; maps indicating Cajun parishes in Louisiana and settlement areas in 1790 and 1981; notes on Cajun French, including distinctions between it and…

The lives of many Hispanic Americans have made a difference in the story of America. Hispanic Americans are people whose families can be traced to the Spanish speaking countries. At the time of the 1990 census, there were 22,400,000 Hispanic Americans in the United States. They should be proud of their heritage, and should recognize the…

The brutality toward women, minority groups, underclasses, and the environment, that has haunted western civilization is linked to the three great western religions: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Further, it is suggested that capitalism is a primary mechanism by which this brutality is implemented. The book begins with a survey of western…