The history of education has featured a number of longstanding debates over educational adequacy. Debates over funding have touched on whether foundation-type programs can assure adequacy despite funding-level differences between districts. The relevance of teacher training and unionization to teacher adequacy is questioned, as is the ability of…

This review of adult vocational education in Canada includes an introduction, highlights in the history of adult vocational education in Canada, and a summary. The introduction considers what adult vocational education is and explains the relationship between Canada's constitution and education. The highlights section covers these periods: before…

Colleges were founded in many cities of Victorian England. Some failed; others became the civic universities of twentieth-century Britain. How these civic universities were governed is described. Specifically discussed are courts, councils, trustees, faculty, powers, curriculum, appointments, finance, principals, and constitutions. (RM)

This annual bulletin, formerly prepared and published by the National Association of State Universities, has been published by the Bureau of Education for the past 14 years. The data given are taken from reports received from the offices of the presidents of the various institutions, and the figures printed are substantially as given in those…

The development of pension systems for public-school teachers in the United States has been both recent and rapid. A beginning of their establishment was made in the latter part of the nineteenth century, and today, after 30 years, very few States are without some form of a teachers' pension system. The purpose of the present study of pension…

Volume II of the Biennial Survey of Education, 1916-1918 includes the following chapters: (1) Education in Great Britain and Ireland (I. L. Kandel); (2) Education in parts of the British Empire: Educational Developments in the Dominion of Canada (Walter A. Montgomery), Public School System of Jamaica (Charles A. Asbury), Recent Progress of…

This directory presents information relating to institutional financial aid programs which were active during the 1959-60 academic year. To collect information for this directory, over 2,100 copies of a questionnaire, "Survey of Institutional Financial Assistance to Undergraduate Students, 1959-60," were mailed to institutions of higher education,…

School finance reform litigation has been an important issue among educators and legislators over the last decade. A history of the reform movement is given in two phases from 1965 to 1979. A summary and analysis of reform legislation concludes the report. (JN)

Reexamines the origins of America's community colleges to include the leadership contributions of local residents, members of civic associations, and elected school trustees. These new histories will emphasize the influence of broad national forces such as industrialization and egalitarianism in stimulating student demand and public support for…

Since India's independence much of the responsibility for educating the population has shifted from the Indian states to the central federal government. While education remains constitutionally identified as a state matter, and while the federal government controls most of higher education as well as vocational, professional, and technical…

Through philanthropic donations, John D. Rockefeller and the General Education Board (GEB) encouraged vocationalism in education during the years 1880-1925, the Progressive Era. Evidently, Rockefeller believed that the best education for poor youth was vocational, presumably so they would be able to maintain occupations in their adult lives. This…

This paper presents a historical perspective on the growth of the Seattle Community College District (SCCD) from 1967 to 1980 and the period of retrenchment from 1981 to the present. First. the paper reviews the formation of the SCCD, its organizational structure, goals and objectives, and mission. Next, demographic data are presented to…

Issues of strategy and statesmanship that characterize the period prior to a decision for a college merger are addressed. Attention is directed to models of private college merger, based on patterns used in the 1970s, and innovations sponsored by foundations in the early 1980s. Factors that increase the chance of a voluntary merger taking place…

Public education has been and continues to be subject to a variety of conflicts, among them busing for racial balance and the search for an equitable process of financing education. This paper reviews some of the literature and documentation of educational conflicts. Two broad but not mutually exclusive categories of conflict are defined: (1)…

This bulletin reports the findings of a conference of school officials called by the U.S. Commissioner of Education, Dr. J. W. Studebaker, in the Office of Education, June 17, 18, and 19, 1935. Attending this conference, and contributing to the sections of this bulletin were: Howard A. Dawson, J. Cayce Morrison, Edgar L. Morphet, D. H. Sutton,…