Most studies on the history of educational ideas have focused on what influential educational theorists and policy-makers have said and written at particular times, constructing a "view from the top." The project from which this article is derived focused on the ways theoretical debates have been "lived" by teachers in New…

Develops an organizational explanation of declining union membership, termed the "replenishment thesis." Reviews established theories of unionization and analyzes causes of the decline of union membership in the United States since World War II. Presents case study data on the United Furniture Workers's Union. (JDH)

Presents three theories or "perspectives" for studying recent changes in China: the modernization perspective which views changes as a form of evolutionary development, the cyclical perspective which interprets changes as the ebb and flow of normal phases, and the dialectical perspective which assumes changes stem from unresolved…

Examines the focus of Paul Geheeb's liberal and humanistic philosophy of education. Traces Geheeb's career from the founding of the "Odenwaldschule" in 1910 to his death in 1961. Considers the educational philosophy practiced in the "Ecole d'Humanite," which he founded last and directed longest. (DAB)

Reviews the theories of the founder of "general semantics," Alfred Korzybski, who believed that social conflict would be reduced by the study of how the structure of language affects our perceptions of the world and by the development of new language habits to overcome the limitations of verbal symbols. (Editor/SJL)

Reviews the counseling literature and describes the historical evolution of the practice of supervision. Analyzes several therapy models, and describes direct and indirect supervision activities. Concludes by calling attention to assumptions in the counseling and supervision literature that have yet to receive the benefit of evaluation and…

Explicates Johann Friedrich Herbart's theory of socialization, with its emphasis on the individual, and his observations on the influence of social factors on education. (Author/SJL)

Discusses the need for English teachers to have an historical perspective on their profession. (DD)

The lineage of developmental psychology has involved three waves of research in the 1890s (Hall), 1930s, and 1960s (Piaget). Over these years, a cooperative knowledge-building process arose, fostered by new journals in the 1930s, in which articles built upon one another and sustained or redirected trains of thought among a community of…

Argues that 19th-century "declarative"/"reiterative" rhetoric derives theoretical authorization from the 82nd "Athenaum Fragment" of Friedrich Schlegel. Analyzes content and rhetorical structure of Schlegel's polemical/reiterative rejection of "philosophical and scientific demonstration." Discusses the…

Highlights the career and professional accomplishments of Donald J. Willower, a professor of education at Pennsylvania State University. His empirical studies have examined school cultures, the place of student control, and administrator and teacher attitudes and behavior. He strongly advocates qualitative research methods and espouses a pragmatic…

Traces the evolution of the enduring rhetorical genre of apologia from the Greek period to the present. Argues that apologia has undergone significant changes in form because its function has changed throughout history, producing five "subgenres." Examines implications for the continued feasibility of apologia, as well as the critical…

Examines the historical development of consultation and superimposes multicultural theories and models onto several traditional consultation models. Included is a selective review of the literature from consultation, communication, and education that relate to multicultural issues. Makes an ethical imperative for the consultant to acknowledge,…

A former editor of this journal, 1989-91, selects an outstanding article from his tenure that illuminates the research merits of creativity, planning, and skepticism in the work of Milton Ezra LaZerte, a prominent Alberta educator in the first half of this century. The article selected describes LaZerte's learning theories and several…

Traces the use of formative evaluation from World War I training films up to the detailed models and microcomputer technology currently employed. The influences of research techniques, psychometrics, and mass communications theory on evaluation methodologies are discussed, and advances such as the Program Analyzer are described. Extensive…