Examines literature and research since the creation of the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Education and Program (CACREP) in 1981. Suggests future research that may help additional counselor programs consider the accreditation process, including study of the relevancy of CACREP standards and the accreditation process, and how…

Fifty years ago, on 17 May 1954, the United States Supreme Court ruled in "Brown v. Board of Education" that the "separate but equal" doctrine that had effectively legalized "educational apartheid" some 58 years earlier deprived racially segregated children of the equal protection of laws guaranteed by the fourteenth…

This essay discusses the severe limitations in employment opportunities for black women during the early 1900s. The collection of photographs depicts black women in the following occupations: (1) nursemaid; (2) fieldhand; (3) dairymaid; (4) laundress; (5) factory worker; (6) beautician; (7) business owner; (8) organization president; and (9)…

This paper reviews the effects of affirmative action on administrative policy in higher education. The history of the Federal mandate against ethnic and sex discrimination is traced, and several court cases are reviewed. Examples of discriminatory admission and employment practices in higher education as reflected in pattern, class and individual…

Summarizes and discusses the following: (1) historical background of integration in the United States Army; (2) preparations for integration; (3) how the policy was carried out; (4) factors leading to success of the integration policy; and (5) current objectives regarding racial equality in the Army. (PS)

Traces historical developments and recent trends in library and information science research in United States, Great Britain, and India; discusses factors contributing to developments in United States and United Kingdom; and reviews Ranganathan's contributions in detail. Some factors hindering research in India and areas which require research are…

Discusses books for Nigerian children that deal with the common dilemma of whether to send a village child to boarding school to receive a Western education. Shows which books have stereotypical characterizations and which deal with more natural settings, characters, and issues. (SKC)

Examines the "accomplishments curriculum" which emerged as the dominant mode of education for middle-class girls in Britain and its colonies in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Discusses the expanded educational opportunities for women, describing their social effects, such as the early emergence of middle-class…

Results of school district reorganization may be viewed in a number of ways. Frequently progress is measured in terms of the number of local districts eliminated by incorporating their territory in larger units. Results may likewise be measured by increases in the number of new districts having certain characteristics of size or other features…

Discusses (1) how schooling for social and economic mobility worked invidiously against poor Black migrant children; and (2) how the school's role as a mobility agent was subsumed under the immediacy of averting disenchantment with the social system through measures of social control. (Author/BE)

Despite contrary predictions, men have retained their near-monopoly of top positions in educational administration and have even replaced women where they had gained a toehold, as in elementary principalships. The pattern in education follows that in many complex white-collar organizations; horizontal and vertical segregation of male and female…

Discusses the formation of the National Union of Women Teachers in England. Examines how it sought to combine, within one organization, elements of feminism, traditional trade union concern for members' salaries and working conditions, and a desire to protect and enhance its members' professional status. (GEA)

Documents women's historically low place in Chinese culture as an integral part of a complex economic pattern. Covers the following topics: (1) women, family, and economy; (2) the Chinese modes of production; (3) views of commodity production in China; (4) class relations; (5) women's labor; and (6) textiles, women, and class. (JS)

Reviews history and application of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to argue that adverse impact definition of test discrimination embodied in unanimous 1971 Supreme Court decision in Griggs versus Duke Power Company and its progeny is the product of successful advocacy of unelected bureaucrats rather than a product of public…

The author discusses the history of the Grange movement and reminisces about her experiences at the Castle Hill Grange in rural Maine during the depression. Granges were organizations established during the 1800s to enhance the educational and social growth of farmers, preserve the unity of rural families, and promote moral values. (LP)