Oralism, which teaches lip reading and speech instead of American Sign Language (ASL), was hostile to deaf culture in the early 1900s. Deaf resistance to oralism solidified the deaf community through support of deaf teachers; establishment of deaf newspapers, clubs, and churches; and production of sign-language films and dictionaries. (Contains 60…

Fifty years ago, on 17 May 1954, the United States Supreme Court ruled in "Brown v. Board of Education" that the "separate but equal" doctrine that had effectively legalized "educational apartheid" some 58 years earlier deprived racially segregated children of the equal protection of laws guaranteed by the fourteenth…

The author describes the development of agricultural education as a profession during the early 20th century. Topics covered include (1) supply and demand of agriculture teachers, (2) typical teacher training programs, (3) minority teacher education, and (4) practice teaching. (CH)

A historical view of multiethnic education shows how current multicultural studies relate to early American efforts to educate immigrants. The processes of Americanization, immigration patterns, and roles played by Blacks and Hispanic Americans are explained. (DF)

Reviews policies of college officials in controlling admission of minority students (Jews, Catholics, immigrants) to selected American colleges and universities from 1900-1970. Suggests that institutions of higher education may have to justify their admission policies by submitting them to periodic public or semipublic review. (DB)

Provides a broad history of the contribution of people of Asian origin, particularly Indian origin, to the development of the United Kingdom, discussing the racial bias they have historically faced in the country's educational, social, and employment systems. A timeline of the Indian presence in Great Britain from 1688-1999 is presented. (SM)

The major threat to Native languages embodied in the "English Only" movement is discussed and ways that the United States historically has allowed language freedom is documented. The following points are made: (1) contrary to myth, the United States has never been a monolingual country; (2) for most of U.S. history, the dominant federal…

This paper reviews the history and current status of the eight Metis settlements established in the 1940s for people of mixed white and Indian blood living traditional Indian lifestyles in Alberta. The Ewing Commission first reported in 1936 on the Metis people who were not allocated reserves as status Indians and did not have squatters' rights on…

In 1830, Missouri was chosen as the Mormon's "Center Place," a place to live and worship in tranquility for all church members. However, their presence created conflict between themselves and the non-Mormon citizens, and harassment and fighting between the two groups led to the Mormons' expulsion by the state's government in 1838.…

Between 1964 and 1968, "U. S. News and World Report" engaged in symbolic discourse with its readership through its coverage of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. "U. S. News" faced a dilemma in the mingling of King's force as a symbol with the power exerted by the egalitarian principles that Gunnar Myrdal identified as components of…

This book is an oral history of ten Chicana women ranging in ages from 84 to 24. The collection of interviews reflects how their hard work and determination have significantly changed their lives for the better. The backgrounds of the women vary; some were born in Mexico and moved to the United States. Others were born in the Southwest and later…

This paper reviews the effects of affirmative action on administrative policy in higher education. The history of the Federal mandate against ethnic and sex discrimination is traced, and several court cases are reviewed. Examples of discriminatory admission and employment practices in higher education as reflected in pattern, class and individual…

In the early 1960s, four special education categories (slow learners, mentally retarded, emotionally disturbed, and culturally deprived) were used to explain the failure of lower class and minority children, while the less stigmatizing category of learning disabilities explained the failures of white middle class children. Later events changed the…

This article reviews the historical development of elementary schools, particularly with respect to the miseducation of minority students. The author notes that the social stratification that characterizes American society is institutionalized within the school. Recommendations for an effective education for all students are made. (MT)

Highlights the year (1928-29) Lyndon Johnson served as teacher/principal of Welhausen School (Cotulla, Texas) and notes how this experience in a small, poor, Mexican American community influenced his later programs that had a profound effect on American education. (BRR)