In order to understand the place of Herbert Read both in 20th century aesthetics and art education, one needs to carefully consider the entire field of English art and aesthetics from 1900 to the beginning of the Second World War. This time frame was dominated by the thoughts of Roger Fry and Clive Bell, and works both literary and visual, of the…

Discusses the development of nationally organized art and design education in 19th century England, focusing specifically on the Birmingham School of Design Art. Describes the school's increased autonomy despite centralized planning in London, stating that it challenged central control only after gaining financial independence. (GEA)

Describes European Viktor Lowenfeld's version of the visual-haptic theory. Recounts how Lowenfeld modified the theory while serving as a studio art teacher in a black U.S. college from 1939 to 1946. Compares Lowenfeld's European and U.S. transformations of the theory. (BSR)

This article examines the content and social implications of the "Penny Magazine," the first successful effort to popularized knowledge about art. The "Penny Magazine" was published between 1832 and 1845 in England by Charles Knight. It introduced the English worker to "high" culture by making art history, imagery,…

Examines how painters and other artists who lived in the eighteenth, nineteenth, and twentieth centuries learned to draw as children. Results supported the conventionalist view of how children learn to draw, i.e., most of the children learned to draw by copying directly from pictures. (RM)

When Charles S. Johnson was president of Fisk University, he used the university's art collection as a tool for the advancement of the university and as a major part of an environment that nurtured intellectuals and leaders in the African American community. This historical study used interviews and secondary sources to focus on the value of art…

The educational side of art education seems to be experiencing a revival with respect to the socio-political, environmental, and economic problems and disasters of a multinational and multicultural society today. A concept such as education through art seems to be worth reassessment. In that context, this paper considers Ludwig Hirschfeld-Mack…

The author traces the theories of Margaret Naumberg, as an art educator and an art therapist, in relation to the psychiatric theories and social forces of her day. The first part of this article appeared in the July, 1979, issue of this journal, on pp51-66. (SJL)

This paper discusses the ideas of Conrad Fiedler, a 19th century German philosopher of art, concerning art criticism, or the judging of works of visual art. In addition to a brief biography of Conrad Fiedler, the paper's main subject is Fiedler's ideas on art criticism as expressed in his book "On Judging Works of Visual Art" (1876,…

Maintains that the development of discipline-based art education (DBAE) was based in large part on the earlier work of Harry S. Broudy. Explains Broudy's view that aesthetics education once reserved for the elite should be part of the education of every citizen. Describes links between Broudy's work and lessons developed as part of DBAE. (CFR)

The contributions of major avant-garde innovators, e.g., Cizek, Jaques-Dalcroze, Laban, Lowenfeld, Orff, Kodaly, and Mearns, who worked to establish the creative process as an important means of human education are discussed. (RM)

The curriculum movement known as picture study was, in part, the result of the late nineteenth-century development of printing processes capable of reproducing works of art. This description of the reproductions used in picture study illustrates how popularist attitudes toward art and technological changes set the context for this art movement.…

Gives a historical analysis of nineteenth-century attitudes toward women, with special focus on the development of art education for women at the College of Fine Arts, Syracuse University. Stereotyped beliefs about female physiognomy and morality justified a conception of art education as a cultural refinement especially suited to women.…

Examines Viktor Lowenfeld's activities as an instructor at the Hampton Institute, Virginia (1939-1946), an essentially Black school in a pre-civil rights movement southern setting. Discusses his theoretical statements and his behaviors in relation to teaching art to Black adults. (GEA)

States that the history of frequently offered Saturday morning art classes in museums and university art departments is largely unknown. Traces the development of the earliest known North American example of such classes, the 1887 beginning of children's Saturday art classes in Halifax, Nova Scotia. (JDH)