The studies and policies of the U.S. Children's Bureau in the era of Progressive education benefited many children, but its emphasis on the middle-class family ideals and relative disinterest in poverty issues left a legacy with policy implications in today's climate of welfare reform. (SLD)

The history of the training and education of early childhood teachers, from the beginnings of their profession in the 19th century to the present, is reflective of the diverse and complex historical, political, and economic forces that have shaped the development of child care in this country. Early training followed an apprenticeship model, but…

This discussion of the evolution of the Swiss Broadcasting Corporation (SSR) begins with a report issued in 1953 by a federal commission which strongly influenced the first 15 years of Swiss television. Noting that the Swiss government adopted most of the proposals made in the report, this paper indicates some of the decisions that the Federal…

This thesis examines the influence of tensions between collectivism and pluralism on constrictions and extensions of the legal concept of equality of educational opportunity in public education since the Brown v. Board of Education decision of 1954. The effects of collectivistic and pluralistic forces at the federal, state and district levels are…

The years between 1900 and 1920 marked the formative era in the history of school social work. Social work programs were introduced into the schools by private organizations and community groups and were formed to prevent truancy and delinquency, to rehabilitate poor families through relief services, and to "Americanize" the foreign-born…

Developments in American higher education from 1905-1945 to increase efficiency and coordination are discussed. Data were collected on the costs of instruction, utilization of facilities, and the distribution of faculty time in order to find ways to reduce wastage and increase efficiency. A certain amount of this wastage resulted from competition…

Silver medals played an important role in American Indian policy for more than a century. Following a practice of the French, Spanish, and British in the New World, the United States government presented Indian peace medals to important chiefs and warriors as symbols of attachment to the new nation. In addition, the medals were marks of rank…

The cornerstones of the Indian perspective on their relationship to American government and society lie in the fact that the Indians are the aboriginal owners of the New World and that their formal association with the U.S. is based on formal treaties. Indian tribes consider themselves as separate and sovereign nations. In early American history,…

States that the Founders' legacy is our well-modeled government which is limited by law to protect the life, liberty, and property of individuals. Reviews some of the Founding Fathers' thoughts regarding the proper role and structure of our government. Advocates improved citizenship education and introduces the theme articles in this issue. (JDH)

Traces the Canadian Indian residential school movement from its beginnings in the 1830s. Describes emerging negative response of both the government and Indian parents. Notes that the initial goal of assimilation has produced graduates who have led the struggle for Native identity. (NEC)

This paper describes the recent policy history of reading education, its place on the public policy agenda, and the research that relates reading policy to reading instruction. Part I of the paper provides a brief recent history of federal education policy, which aims to ensure equity. Part II revisits compensatory education and describes systemic…

This study attempts to show the parts played by the State departments of education relative to general comprehensive programs of adult education, illiteracy eradication, and Americanization; adult-education programs of the Works Progress Administration and the National Youth Administration; educational programs of the Civilian Conservation Corps…

Current trends in enrollment and finance in American colleges and universities are outlined, and the unique characteristics of American higher education are examined. The functional relationships among some key structural characteristics that give rise to some important, if unrecognized, social contributions of mass higher education are discussed.…

Examines the history of employed women from the Great Depression through World War II, highlighting efforts made in their behalf by people such as Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt, Frances Perkins, Mary Dewson, and Mary Anderson. Provides a selected bibliography of books and U.S. Department of Labor documents. (GEA)

Describes two phases of the automation of library and information services in mainland China. From 1974-86, much effort was concentrated on developing computer systems, databases, online retrieval, and networking. From 1986 to the present, practical progress became possible largely because of CD-ROM technology; and large scale networking for…