The Know-Nothing party of the 1850s was the first nativist party in American politics to gain importance and serves as an exemplar of how cultural nativism may be captured and turned toward political goals. The resurgence of nativist sentiment in the Know-Nothing era provides an excellent example of a rhetorical situation which seriously…

This article provides a profile of Robert Southey's political philosophy. One of the first literary humanitarians, Southy began his writing career as a staunch liberal but ended as a conservative. (JDH)

Outlines antecedents and consequences of typography and Sixteenth Century Protestant educational reform to show how curricular innovation led to a bureaucratic discourse of social control. Argues that compulsory schooling for mass literacy gave rise to the institutionalization of childhood, and to state-controlled techniques of normalization and…

This book examines the evolution in the education of New Zealand women from 1900 through 1975. Early in the century, differences in boys' and girls' schooling were more visible on the secondary than the elementary level. At the same time, a government report concluded that many parents felt girls needed little more than half the education of boys.…

The only workable generalization regarding curriculum development in a heterogeneous, multicultural society is one that allows conflicting views to operate within an institution and that prepares youth for functional membership in the society. A review of the history of Western education from Sparta through the Puritans, William McGuffey, and…

Historically, public schools have been expected to fulfill social, economic, and political mandates that were unrealistically optimistic. Given past and current social priorities and resources, perhaps the public expects too much from the schools. (PP)

This article traces the historical development of the Japanese nation with respect to the education, character, and spirit of its people. Changes in educational thought in the post-World War II period are discussed and indication made of the active interest in and current provisions for moral education in Japanese schools. (Author/SJL)

Traces the development of vocational education programs through the manual training movement of the 1880s, the creation of the Commission on National Aid to Vocational Education in 1914, and the Smith-Hughes Act of 1917. Discusses five key values intrinsic to the vocational education movement and why current programs have not met their promise.…

The development of the American system of school athletics from the time of the Puritans to the present day is discussed, and the social ramifications of our contemporary sports culture are considered. (LH)

The author gives insight into the concept of community by tracing its historical development and expression in the United States and describes community education as a current attempt to make the idea of community meaningful in contemporary urban, post-industrial America. Part of a theme issue on community education. (Editor)

The 1960s saw concerns about availability of land for camps and the beginnings of change in populations served and related programming. An illustrative article from 1965, "What Should Camps Stress in Our Affluent Society?" (Theodore Cavins), discusses the negative effects of growing affluence and leisure time and the need for camps to…

Since the Middle Ages, sport has survived because of its masochistic and sadistic components. The Greeks, who organized athletic contests into the Olympic Games in 776 B.C., emphasized the relationship between the mind and the body and fair competition, rather than putting emphasis on winning or losing. The Romans preferred the spectacle of…

Throughout European history, artists have celebrated the values of their patrons. Today, the schools are the largest employer of artists. To justify art education according to current Back-to-Basics values, art teachers should explain visual art as a language, which they can teach students to read and use. (SJL)

Reflects on researchers' conceptions about psychological growth over the last century. Discusses five themes relevant to developmental research: (1) the selection of phenomena for study; (2) the use of continuous dimensions or categories to describe children's characteristics; (3) continuity versus discontinuity in development; (4) the influence…

Noting that college students in the 1990s are once again becoming interested in religious/spiritual phenomena, this analysis of religious humanism as persuasive discourse first touches upon the event-filled 1960s and 70s, which saw social unrest and turbulent change, much of it emanating from university students. As background, the analysis points…