The author details the influence of Hely Hutchinson Almond (1832-1903) on education in Scotland. In 1862 Almond purchased Loretto, a small private school at Musselburgh, where he taught his doctrine of rationality, or sound living, for the next 41 years. (KC)

The linkage of the formal structures of higher learning in Islam and the development of higher education in the Medieval West is discussed. Recent findings indicate a transference of instructional methodology and even some organizational forms from Islamdom to the Christian West during the eleventh and twelfth centuries. Islamic models of higher…

Many researchers believe that professional development derives from power struggles. This case study shows that the professionalization of nineteenth-century secular French primary school teachers was generated by the interplay between teachers and other participants--particularly the Catholic church, families, and the state--in the funding and…

Schools exist to educate; school mathematics is, therefore, subject to particular forces that decisively distinguish it from mathematics as a scientific discipline. How educators in Germany in the early 19th century solved the problem of the relationship of school mathematics and its respective scientific discipline, i.e., scientific mathematics,…

Examined is the development of special education for handicapped children in Greece from 1906, when the Home of the Blind was established in Athens, to 1981, when the new Law 1143 extended compulsory special education to all children of school age. (RM)

The history of Qinghua, at one time China's most Americanized national university, is discussed. Examined are its founding, its development as a university, courses taught, the administrative structure, and how it survived violent disruptions in the Chinese educational world. (RM)

An account is given of quantitative development of the German universities in the last two decades and of their relationship with the labor market. Organizational changes following the federal educational reform law of 1976 are reviewed, and some aspects of research into the problems of higher education are examined. (MSE)

Presents an account of political and religious influences affecting the French secondary school, Louis Le Grand, during the eighteenth century. Shows how the development of a major institution of education can be related to historical events and pressures. (DB)

Despite national variation in political, economic, and social structures, elementary school curricula are very similar throughout the world. Argues that mass curricula are closely linked to the expansion of the nation-state system and the increasing dominance of standardized models. (DM)

Begins with a brief summary of contemporary thought about, and developments in, coeducation and the overlapping topic of girls' schooling in 19th-century Russia. Makes references to, and comparisons with, contemporary debates in England and the United States. Concludes by discussing developments in coeducation in the Stalinist period. (DSK)

Summarizes main features of Spanish comparative education in the first 36 years of the twentieth century noting steady increase in publications on foreign education and use of travel as the most common research method. Concludes that studies of foreign education focused on improving the defective Spanish educational situation. (JHZ)

The history of the scientific study of educational problems in France is discussed. The educational sciences derive their methods of research from almost all contemporary scientific disciplines. (RM)

Reviews the life and works of Jean Paul Richter, a German educator of the early 1800s, who is best known for his book, "Levana," a once widely read book on teaching young children. (JDH)

Through an examination of the development of the discipline of sociology in France in the period 1880-1925, this article sheds light on some of the more general processes at work in the institutionalization of the social sciences and on the social and political consequences of that institutionalization. (RM)

Keypoint schools were established by the Chinese in the 1950s to concentrate limited resources in a relatively small number of schools in order to cultivate outstanding students. The evolution of keypoint school policy from the revival of these schools in 1978 to 1983 is discussed. (RM)