Interviews indicate that black pioneers in school desegregation often feel that they have paid too high an emotional and psychological price for too little change in the whole system of race relations. The failure of early desegregation policy and of assimilation may be overcome through a genuine multicultural curriculum. (SLD)

Discusses the historical development of Australia's rural economy and examines ways in which Australia's economic development and current position are reflected in national education policies. Concludes that the current national agenda for education may not fully benefit rural people as it is based on urban models that neglect specific needs and…

In China, lifelong learning has a long history--as a way to prepare for traditional civil examinations, which opened opportunities for social mobility and, later, to train the adult workforce to meet national economic objectives. In Shanghai, adult education has recently become essential for adapting the workforce to rapid economic change, but…

Historically, the Pakeha (European) New Zealand government's educational policies have subjugated the Maoris' destiny to its own needs. However in the last 20 years, an intensified political consciousness among Maori has resulted in schooling initiatives that maintain their culture. Discusses the success of Maori-language preschools, development…

Between 1893 and 1920, the U.S. government attempted to transform Kiowa children by immersing them in the forced assimilation program that lay at the heart of that era's Indian policy. Committed to civilizing Indians according to Anglo-American standards of conduct, the Indian Service effected the government's vision of a new Indian race that…

This essay examines the relationship between economic and educational developments in the United States in the decades prior to the Civil War. Early industrialization in the United States began during the first half of the 19th century and seems to coincide with common school expansion and reforms. Yet the link between economic and educational…

In response to a 1978 mandate, this concluding volume of the School Finance Project's final report concentrates on the broader intergovernmental issues relating to the design and transmission of federal policies and programs, and on the effects of federal activities on state and local education agencies and on schools. The specific Department of…

Christian (1880-1900) and Progressive (1920-1940) reforms affected the U.S. government's attempt to acculturate and educate American Indians. Religious groups supported the Dawes Allotment Act (1887), which allotted parcels of land, previously tribally held, to individual Indians. This led to de-tribalization, loss of cultural identity, and loss…

The history of the institutional, governmental, and legal development of American higher education before 1820 is examined. This study portrays the early history of American higher education as the transformation of European institutions by American conditions, views the old as coexisting but also competing with the new, perceives institutional…

A history of Roosevelt's New Deal education policies shows that the Depression of the 1930s led to unprecedented experimentation in federal educational programs. Three aspects of New Deal education policy are important. First, the New Deal set precedents that redefined and legitimized the federal government's role in education. Working through…

This monograph reviews the history and examines the current status of school desegregation with respect to major court decisions and their impact on educational policy. Discussed are the Brown v. Board of Education case of 1954 and subsequent Supreme Court and lower court decisions, busing, involvement of the executive and legislative branches of…

This paper uses a chronological approach in examining the historic and current roles of public education as they relate to majority group education and the education of blacks. A survey of historical and educational literature points out conflicting conceptions of education and crosscurrents in educational thought with respect both to Federal…

Educational research in Finland in the year 1978-79 focused on the role that research played in Finnish education, the organization of Finnish educational research, and trends and new measures at the end of the 1970s. (RM)

Because of the extensive and sometimes costly expansions in the educational offering of the rapidly growing secondary schools, the present need for interpretation is probably more insistent at this level of the educational ladder than at any other. It will be helpful to those in charge of secondary education to know what high schools are doing to…

This study of experiments with a new type of educational institution in Communist China is based upon an analysis of materials from Chinese Communist newspapers and periodicals. Reliance upon a discriminating use of such materials is necessitated by the lack of impartial first hand evaluations of these new institutions by qualified outside…