Outlines the lives and the contributions to adult education made by the following African American educators: (1) Booker T. Washington; (2) George Washington Carver; (3) Alain L. Locke; and (4) Ambrose Caliver. (BJV)

A study of 13th-century industrial regulations in Paris shows how medieval apprenticeships in the textile industry functioned. The investigation interprets wool industry apprenticeship in the context of the production system and the social environment. (SK)

Discusses the historical context of mathematics education research methodologies, describes methodological trends through the "Journal for Research in Mathematics Education" focusing on the domain of teacher knowledge and practice, and considers theoretical and methodological issues of the present and future. (25 references) (MKR)

Provides a retrospective of Winifred Ward's career; she is credited with being one of the founders of creative drama in the United States. States that Ward wrote many books about theater, taught for 32 years, founded the first national organization for child drama in 1944, and received numerous academic honors. Relates anecdotes told by those who…

One of a collection of articles on philanthropist George Peabody tells the story of two bronze doors made by sculptor Louis Amateis for the U.S. Capitol. The doors include a panel entitled Apotheosis of America that captures Amateis' vision of the spirit of America and includes the figures of George Peabody and other historic personages. (SM)

One of a collection of articles on self-made millionaire and educational philanthropist George Peabody examines the history of his work in Maryland and with the Maryland Historical Society. Peabody always sought to enrich Maryland's culture, and his most important gift to Maryland was the Peabody Institute of Baltimore. (SM)

One of several articles on George Peabody examines his history as a self-made millionaire, focusing on his years working in Maryland and the cultural legacy that he left the state (including the Peabody Institute of Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University, Peabody Conservatory of Music, and Peabody Library of Baltimore). (SM)

Successive waves of immigrants were classified as criminal and ignorant by ethnicity in the 19th and 20th centuries. These stereotypes, as well as efforts of public schools and correctional education to assimilate these groups, may be compared to today's arguments to limit immigration. (SK)

Examines the teaching of ethics in the "Engineering Publicity" program at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the 1920s. Suggests that students may be empowered to enter and transform their professions by examining ethical critiques of science, technology, and business within and among the professions they will enter rather than by…

A historical perspective is provided of the concept of invariance in measurement theory, describing sample-invariant item calibration and item-invariant measurement of individuals. Invariance as a key measurement concept is illustrated through the measurement theories of E. L. Thorndike, L. L. Thurstone, and G. Rasch. (SLD)

Provides an overview of the history of, and research about, kindergarten. Reviews the nine articles describing research on kindergarten in this special issue. (BC)

Discusses the work of Isaac Edwards Clarke, an influential nineteenth-century U.S. education official. Reports that Clarke encouraged instruction in drawing as an important industrial skill. Indicates that, although interest in industrial drawing as an important aspect of art education waned by 1900, Clarke's influence continued to be felt. (SG)

Suggests an approach for expanding and integrating research to produce a history of technical writing. Defines problems that reside in writing such a history, suggests research premises and questions, and then applies these questions to technical writing as it existed in the English Renaissance, 1475-1640. (SR)

Traces the career of Pauline Kermogard, a major figure in preschool education and children's advocacy in 19th- and early 20th-century France. Describes her strong personality; upbringing, education, and politics; appointment as Inspector General of Preschools; and her commitment to the radical transformation of these institutions to promote…

Reviews the life and accomplishments of Ralph Bunche, winner of the 1950 Nobel Peace Prize for his mediation in the first Arab-Israeli war. The focus is on Bunche's higher education, from undergraduate work at the University of California, Los Angeles, through his graduate work at Harvard. (SLD)