Assesses the strengths and weaknesses of university study licenses such as the "Licet canon" and the "Cum ex eo" which, when issued by the Vatican in the 13th century, allowed unordained parochial rectors and ordained priests to obtain higher education. Concludes that study licenses improved the education of the parochial…

Discusses the rise of modern universities in the United States in the late nineteenth century, characterized as a period of wrenching change. Examines the founding and growth of the Phi Beta Kappa fraternity, describing its formal traditions. Emphasizes the importance of ritual and tradition in education and society. (GEA)

This article examines the system under which lecturers were employed in British adult education before the Second World War, when the responsible agencies relied heavily on "full-time part-time tutors" who had no official status or employment security and were thus subject to pressures infringing on their academic freedom. (Author/PGD)

Provides an overview of the evolution and instructional use of pianos, from their first development and use in homes to their nearly universal presence in the music classroom. Notes the strengths and weaknesses of the piano as an instrument for music instruction and concludes with recommendations for improved use. (JDH)

The authors report on the discovery of a nineteenth century document that illustrates an early example of educational measurement, namely the "Scale-Book" developed by George Fisher (1862). The text of Fisher's document is appended. (TJH)

Traces the history of nursing education for Blacks since the 1880s. Discusses the establishment and activities of the four earliest Black nursing schools: Spelman Seminary Nurse Training School (Atlanta, Georgia), Provident Hospital and Training School (Chicago, Illinois), Hampton (Virginia) Training School for Nurses, and Tuskegee (Alabama)…

Suggests that many of the criticisms and failures of implementation of "Primary Education in Scotland" (1965) arose through lack of understanding of how the memorandum was written and of exactly what its recommendations entailed. Concentrates on how the document was made by obtaining oral evidence from some of its authors. (NEC)

The history of adult education in Germany is examined, including the power of the Church during the Middle Ages, self-instruction in informal groups during the Renaissance, Lutheran influence during the Reformation, emphasis on reason and science during the Enlightenment period, industrialization, the Weimar Republic, the Third Reich, and post-war…

The reform of legal education in Ontario during the late 19th century is described. By making classroom instruction available to prospective lawyers, the Law Society of Upper Canada maintained the profession's autonomous control over all aspects of legal education and admission to practice. (MT)

In 1942 the U.S. government evacuated more than 110,000 Japanese Americans from their homes and placed them in relocation centers. This article talks about the more than 4,000 Japanese American students who were allowed to leave the centers to study in colleges and universities throughout the United States. (RM)

George S. Counts promoted the progressive education ideas developed by John Dewey. A faculty member at Teachers College, Columbia University, from 1927 to 1956, Counts stressed the importance of pragmatism in education. The author, an admirer of Counts, created dialog that he and Counts might have had if Counts were alive today. (RM)

The author reviews American education from World War II to the mid-1970s, identifying seven major developments and briefly discussing 20 innovations. (MT)

The author describes his personal experiences in trying to get the Music Educators National Conference to sponsor a new journal--the "Journal of Research in Music Education." (RM)

In spite of the criticism of humanism in public schools, the fact remains that humanism is a basic and vital part of modern education. Principles of humanism that are significant for today's education are outlined and examined from an historical perspective. (RM)

This educational history of economics education examines the development of the curriculum, problems encountered in the public schools, and failures and successes. (RM)