Using the 1897 reform of the Atlanta public schools as an example, the authors conclude that class conflict is not a necessary condition for urban reform, and that the sources of progressive reform are more complex than the class conflict model has often implied. (IS)

The growth of educational cooperation among nations in the European community is discussed, as is the difficulty of balancing national interests with the pursuit of common purposes in the development of curriculum about Europe. Efforts to conduct multilateral research and to develop curriculum models for education about Europe are recounted. (PP)

The integration of planning and assessment procedures into educational administrative routines is viewed in relation to school surveys, a criteria-based means for measuring the operational efficiency of a school system. The school survey movement in the United States, characteristics of public school surveys, and the educational planning process…

The initiation of a national examination system in the People's Republic of China has had a marked impact upon educational policies. An historical overview of the Chinese educational system, the nature of the national examination, and implications of curricular change are used to support the assumption that curricular change can have profound…

The author examines reasons why, historically and currently, a great deal of controversy in Italian education focuses on the provision of textbooks. He discusses such issues as single national textbooks, participation in selection, effects on teaching methods, provision of class libraries, and the requirement that parents pay for textbooks. (SJL)

The Juvenile Unemployment Center (JUC) scheme was intended as a palliative to the temporary unemployment of young people as the British economy reverted to peace-time levels after World War I. This article examines the thinking behind the JUC scheme and the reasons for its limited success. (Author/SJL)

The aim of this paper is to attempt a comparative analysis, in a historical context, of attempts to move education policy for Maoris in New Zealand and Indians in the United States away from an assimilationist model and to demonstrate the relevance of this comparison to contemporary developments. (Author)

Major shifts in policy have marked the attitude toward homework in U.S. educational history. This discussion focuses on the effort to abolish homework waged by Progressive educational experts in the early 20th century. Health was the primary argument against homework in the years before World War I. (SLD)

Various interpretations of the historical forces affecting U.S. language policy and attitudes toward bilingual education are examined. Changing political, social, and economic forces, rather than any consistent ideology, have shaped the nation's responses to language diversity. U.S. language ideology has shifted with changing historical events,…

Traces the histories of rural education and rural technology in four countries. Suggests that the economic function of education is the transmission of technologically relevant skills, and that technologically appropriate curricula are a necessary part of economic development policy. 30 references. (SV)

Offers an account of the teaching of French and German in English elementary schools between 1872 and 1904. Argues that French and German became established in the curriculum during this period. Examines the decline of modern language study at the elementary level relative to the Board of Education's policy. (KO)

Discusses the questionable survival of minority languages worldwide and of the Celtic languages in the United Kingdom. Examines governmental policies concerning the teaching and school use of Welsh, Scots Gaelic, and Irish Gaelic in their respective regions. Outlines some general principles to guide policies related to minority language…

This book outlines the diversity of the German federal education system. The introduction presents a preliminary survey of the history of German education since 1945. Reference is made to the Soviet Occupied Zone and the German Democratic Republic, which is indispensable for understanding the current situation. The book covers the most important…

The result of a decade of work collecting documents, interviews, and observations, the manuscript describes the operation of the modern day Samoan educational system against an historical background of three previous eras that reach back over 200 years to a time when Samoa was virtually unknown to the western world. The development of Samoan…

Beginning with the initial attempts to implement the educational provisions of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, this book provides an analytical, historical overview of school desegregation from the mid-sixties through the Carter Administration. Asserting that national interest in desegregation waned as the United States concentrated on the Vietnam War,…