In 1910 in the United States there were more than thirteen million foreign-born men, women, and children. More than four-fifths of those who arrived in that year were from southern and eastern Europeans countries and other countries in which the percentage of illiteracy is very large. Nearly three million of these foreign-born men, women, and children over the age of 10 were unable to speak English, and more than 1.6 million could not read or write in any language. Adequate opportunity and every other proper inducement must be provided, to learn the language of the country and whatever else may be necessary to enable them to understand the best in American social, industrial, and civic life. This bulletin addresses the question, "What is now being done for the education of those who come to our shores after having passed the age of compulsory school attendance?" It identifies the increase in illiteracy among immigrants over a fifty year period and the significance of that change; discusses legal aspects of educating children of compulsory education age, youth up to the age of the school-age period (18, 20, or 21, according to the State), and all other persons above the age limits who may be termed adults from the school-age point of view; and describes present conditions for educating foreign-born adults in evening schools, based on 1914-15 responses to a questionnaire by school administrative officers. (Contains 6 tables, 3 diagrams, and 13 footnotes.) [Prepared in the Division of Immigrant Education. Best copy available has been provided.]