This document analyzes the two main indigenous groups in the south of the Philippines. It outlines the history of the Lumad and Moro communities of Mindanao. The document discusses the effects of development and business interests in the region, and their campaigns around land issues. The Lumad and Moro accept the need to develop new sources of energy, but ask that their ancestral lands, and their ability to manage them in line with sustainable development, be recognized and respected. Both groups have maintained distinct and enduring identities in the face of Spanish and U.S. colonization, and the policies of the predominantly Christian Philippines government. The Lumad retain traditional beliefs and customs, while the Moro have embraced Islam. Inextricably linked is the 20 year old war of attrition the government has waged with the Moro National Liberation Front. The booklet contains a glossary at the beginning of the document. This is followed by a brief political history of the Philippines as background. The second chapter is an introduction to the Lumad and Moro groups of Mindanao. The next four chapters describe the Moro's struggle for self determination, Lumad objection to the Philippine National Oil Company's plan to drill geothermal wells in the area of the dormant volcano of Mount Apo, the Agus I hydroelectric plant, and prospects for problem resolution and peace. A chapter on directions for the future is included. Includes 40 references, 3 maps, and 70 notes. (DK)