This booklet about the cultural background of Vietnam is one of three booklets that serve as a foundation for understanding the cultural diversity and values of Cambodian, Laotian, and Vietnamese students. Vietnam is located on the eastern coast of the Indochinese peninsula and has a population of 56 million. Its history is divided into the following periods: (1) Prehistoric; (2) Chinese domination; (3) the Era of Independence; and (4) French domination. The Vietnamese focuses his concerns on the family and maintaining inner harmony. A Vietnamese is always addressed by his given name and referred to by his full name, but never by his family name alone. Family structure is complex and roles and relationships are clearly defined. Family and social relationships are based on mutual respect. The Vietnamese language is composed of three different dialects. Prior to French conquest, Vietnam was a monarchy. Since 1954, there has been constant political conflict between communist and republican interests. The economy is essentially agricultural. The Vietnamese relates to nature on an emotional level. His value system is based on allegiance to family, yearning for a good name, love of learning, and respect for others. The highly centralized elementary, secondary, and higher education system has focused on political indoctrination since the communist take-over of South Vietnam. Twelve charts, two maps, and an outline of Vietnamese history are included. A description of the new year celebration is also included. A 28-item bibliography is appended. (FMW)