After the Second World War, the field of cultural anthropology underwent an explosive development. Sociologists, psychologists, educators, and economists all added to the increasing interest in a discipline which began by assuming that culture is the foundation of social structures and that every institution manifests itself as a system of behavior imposed on individuals, which they must share, learn, and transmit. Since learning and transmission form the basis of any educational activity, it is not difficult to understand the International Bureau of Education's interest in this discipline. It has far-reaching consequences for the education systems of countries where cultural confrontations or social adaptation of colonial origin are still familiar. (BZ)