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Peer reviewedLevy, Mark R. – Journal of Communication, 1982
Reviews the history of the most widely used device for measuring mass media audience reactions. Notes that competition and the expensive media environment have led communication scholars and policymakers to a revived interest in this device and qualitative audience measurement. (PD)
Descriptors: Audiences, Evaluation Methods, History, Mass Media
Summers, F. William – Drexel Library Quarterly, 1985
Describes the use of library surveys as a tool for library planning in the United States from the late 19th century to the present. Different eras of library planning in the United States are identified, and the weaknesses and strengths of the survey method are discussed. (CLB)
Descriptors: Federal Government, Government Role, Library Planning, Library Research
