When Americans from the eastern part of the United States began moving west in large numbers in the mid-nineteenth century, tensions escalated and conflicts erupted between and among settlers, railroad workers, ranchers, the United States military, and numerous Native American tribes. Incorporating balanced consideration of these diverse and…

Prior to 1880, the Lummi Indians had a well-developed salmon fishing economy. When non-Indians saw the value of this resource, the Lummi were evicted by various means. Starting in the 1960s, however, several western Indian tribes initiated legal procedures which resulted in the recovery of treaty-secured fishing rights. (AN)

Homesteading required abandoning tribal relations, and so the Nooksack, a consistently recognized tribe from the 1850s to the 1880s, became a federally nonrecognized tribe. (Author)

This article is the first in a series on the history of U.S. Church/State cooperation in dealing with Indians, evaluating the role of Protestant Indian missions in the westward expansion of European settlers across North America. (RTS)

Reviews "Through White Men's Eyes," six volumes of documentary evidence, arranged chronologically, covering Navajo history from early historic times to the treaty of 1968. Discusses the complicated interrelationships among rich and poor Navajos, Anglos, Hispanics, Pueblos, and other tribes. (SV)

This reprint of a 1909 volume portrays the life and history of the Navajo people, based on the personal experiences of an unusually enlightened white observer. The first three chapters cover the Navajo's early history, discovery by Spanish explorers, evidence of a prehistoric and possibly ancestral race, and the beauties of the Navajo's rugged…

Traces Indian-Black relationship in post-Civil War Indian Territory when racial antagonism, intensified by abolition of slavery among Seminoles, Creeks, Cherokees, Chickasaws, and Choctaws, and new pressures brought on by influx of land-hungry non-Indian settlers, combined to create hostility and violence between two peoples who had previously…

This book examines the formation of U.S. government policy toward the American Indian tribes during the period 1820-1890. Chapter 1 describes the early 19th century debate between the Gradualists, who believed in the peaceful assimilation of the Indians into white society, and the Removalists, who advocated forced removal of the tribes to the…

This collection of writings by and about New England's American Indians focuses on the Indians' relation to the land. Articles examine Indian folklore and spiritualism, the importance of the oral tradition, and advice to young Indians about receiving the oral tradition and passing it forward. Articles describe Indian lifeways; native cooking,…

Tecumseh's tour of 1811-1812 was a remarkable effort involving 3,000 miles and contacts with 8-12 of the present American Indian tribes. Tecumseh's success owed much to standing grievances of the Indians and the disposition of the British, but depended also upon timely occurrences such as Harrison's engagement on the Tippecanoe. (JHZ)

This paper depicts the historical background and lifestyle of the Powhatan Indians. There are approximately 30 such tribes in present-day Maryland, Virginia, and near the North Carolina border. The name Powhatan is defined, and the history and current lifestyles of the Virginia and New Jersey Powhatans are described. Contemporary Powhatan social…

Focusing on land tenure patterns from 1860 to 1980, this study is a chronological socioeconomic interpretation of the history of northern New Mexico. Chapter One describes the development of the Pueblo Indian land use system prior to colonization. Chapter Two deals with the first colonial period (1598-1693) of land tenure in northern New Mexico.…

A capsule history of the Yavapai tribe describes their origin myth; early life-style; increasing involvement with Apaches; leaders; response to White settlers; and resistance and ultimate capitulation to reservation life. The article details the horrors and aftermath of the 1875 forced march from the Verde Reservation to San Carlos. (SB)

Analyzes the position of Indian tribal governments within the national political economy, their limited sovereignty and dependence on federal aid, and the consequences of Reagan's "new federalist" policies for tribal programs. Summarizes federal Indian policies from 1783 to the present. Contains 10 references. (SV)

For thousands of years, the people of the Hupa tribe have lived in villages beside the Trinity River in a beautiful rich valley in northwestern California. Hupa culture and traditions are extensive, elaborate, and intimately bound up with their homeland. The first white men entered the valley in 1828, although coastal traders' goods had filtered…