This book presents the history of organized summer camps under the auspices of private owners, religious groups, and public agencies, as well as youth organizations. The book is divided into four major periods: the beginnings, 1861-1910; camping as a growing vital force, 1910-1918; the period of challenges, 1918-1945; and the period of acceptance,…

The Summer School of Physical Education at Monteagle, Tennessee, was probably a major influence in the development of physical education programs in public schools of the South at the turn of the century. (JMF)

The little known Bryn Mawr Summer School for Women Workers in the 1920s is an example of the marginalization of women in adult education. Its story, focusing on women as adult students and as makers of social change, enriches the history of the field. (SK)

Describes three public library summer reading programs for children in the 1890s: Hewins' Vacation Reading Club; the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh's Summer Playground Program; and the Library League of Cleveland. The growth of similar programs and related reports in the library literature of the early twentieth century are discussed, and summer…

Describes the genesis and history of the Bryn Mawr Summer School for Women Workers from 1921-38. Discovers in that school's methodology an antecedent to today's feminist and progressive pedagogies. Looks at the autobiographical narratives of participants to analyze the development of powerful critical voices. (HB)

Rhododendron Girls' State, a 5-day West Virginia citizenship and leadership program, offers female high school students the opportunity to directly experience the campaign and electoral process. Katie McGee White discusses her experiences as the first Girls' State governor in 1941, her love of politics, and how she encouraged her students to be…

This chapter of the "Biennial Survey of Education in the United States" is concerned with the topic of engineering education, which, in its various phases, has been the object of study of the Society for the Promotion of Engineering Education since the organization of the society in 1893. In 1907 an investigation of engineering education was…

Traces the early history of Children's International Summer Villages, developed by Doris Allen in the late 1940s to promote peace and global understanding by exposing mixed groups of 11-year olds from different countries to a month-long experience in international living. The first camp, held near Cincinnati in 1951, included a social science…

Since 1988, the Jose Valdes Summer Math Institutes have helped some 4,800 (mostly minority) students get a running start on their high school careers. The program consists of four main elements: intensive math instruction for students, training for teachers, parent education, and a student support program. (MLH)

This article reviews early-twentieth-century efforts to transform public schools into multipurpose social service institutions. Except in physical education, the progressive influence has been less than generally believed, whether with regard to the organization of classroom instruction or to the addition of social services and nonacademic…

The Chautauqua movement is described with a focus on its influences on American higher education. As the most influential wholly American institution in the social and cultural life of rural communities, its contributions to higher education included development of correspondence and extension courses and the creation of the summer term.…

After deducting holidays, the annual school term in most American cities is not more than 180 days. In many cities and towns the number of actual school days is still less. This means that children who are never absent attend school less than half the days of the year, a little more than 1 hour in 10. Formerly the school year was much longer in…

There are many people of middle age in America still who do not believe in play. They grew up without playgrounds themselves and they do not realize how greatly conditions have changed during the intervening years. When the author was a boy in southern Michigan the school session in his country community was only four months a year. Under these…

This publication outlines the history of the migrant program at Cornell University (New York) and describes its recent accomplishments and characteristics. The Cornell Migrant Program (CMP) is among the oldest of the land-grant universities' migrant extension efforts and the most comprehensive in approach. The first half of this document presents…

The national summer dropout campaign of 1963 was initiated by President Kennedy. Subsequent to a June 19 meeting at the White House of over 250 leading educators, another group of local administrators met with Federal officials to discuss possible actions that might be taken to reduce dropouts. The ensuing campaign began and ended within a span of…