Examines how the organization of the labor process generates the need for low wage powerless labor and shows how this is achieved through the use of immigrant and minority workers. Utilizes examples from large urban centers in the northern and northeastern United States. (Author/GC)

California's Employment Training Panel Program (ETP), the largest state-funded customized training program for incumbent workers in the nation, has had a positive impact on the economy of California, and its success has policy implications for other state programs. The impact of ETP on trainees includes the following: they are more attached to the…

Lying within the Cumberland Plateau of Appalachia, the Kentucky River Area Development District (KRADD) comprises eight rural Kentucky counties: Breathitt, Knott, Lee, Leslie, Letcher, Owsley, Perry, and Wolfe. This report reviews regional history of economic development and examines socioeconomic indicators, including education, poverty, and the…

The history of vocational education in Canada is traced, examining prejudices against it and constitutional issues that have inhibited its development. To solve its labor problems, Canada requires a national system of vocational education that ensures that young people see it as challenging and worthwhile. (SLD)

This eight-page tabloid-style report presents an overview of past and present working conditions in the United States as a whole and in Hawaii in particular, with emphasis on women and on lower-level workers. The seven articles in the paper cover the following topics: "A Brief History of Labor in Hawaii" (William J. Puette); "The…

This book provides an introduction to earnings capacity (EC), a measurement of human capital, and its application to a research study of potential earned annual income over a 25-year period. Focus is on qualitative aspects of EC such as race, age, gender and education and its utilization. Chapter 1 is an introduction. Chapter 2 reviews existing…

This paper examines the relationship between Australian women's participation in paid work in the public market and the child-rearing component of their unpaid, non-market work, and the role of public policy in regulating the relationship. The study presents a historical overview of the period between 1939 and 1950. Critical concepts and the ideas…

The relationship between education and work in Yugoslavia during the past three decades is discussed. "Education by work" and "education from work" refer to on-the-job training and recurrent education, allowing alternation of labor and education. Self-managing communities of interest for the exchange of education and other…

The 4.7 million Chicanos in the Southwest in 1970 contributed significantly to the local labor supply; yet, they had substantially smaller incomes and greater unemployment than area Anglos. Although Chicanos have moved steadily from unskilled to skilled labor occupations and have entered white collar occupations, they continue to be employed in…

Black, Latina, and Asian women generally work in jobs that are less well-paying and lower on the occupational hierarchy than are the jobs held by their white counterparts. In addition, these women of color face higher unemployment rates than do white women. Whereas the entry of large numbers of white women into the work force is a fairly recent…

This report describes apprenticeship system development in Australia and provides a quantitative macro-level analysis of apprenticeship, traineeship, and new apprenticeship trends. Following an introduction (chapter 1), chapters 2-3 trace its European origins and establishment in colonial Australia, development and evolution through the twentieth…