The National Council of Primary Education held its fourth annual meeting in the red room of Hotel La Salle, Chicago, 9.30 a: m., Tuesday, February 25. 1919, with the chairman presiding. The Chairman: "The Primary Council is very happy indeed to welcome this audience this morning. This is our fourth birthday, and we are glad have so many people…

In the last 8 or 10 years there has been unusual progress in the establishment of kindergartens in most of the cities and States, but still the kindergarten is a phase of school work less known than the work of the grades in the elementary schools. Many school officers and school architects lack information as to the character of rooms and…

This study is one of several examining the history and background of instructional technology in American education. The period, 1650 to the end of the 19th century, was chosen rather arbitrarily to cover technological developments other than conventional audio-visual devices involving photography and sound techniques. Material in this report is…