This paper reviews the effects of affirmative action on administrative policy in higher education. The history of the Federal mandate against ethnic and sex discrimination is traced, and several court cases are reviewed. Examples of discriminatory admission and employment practices in higher education as reflected in pattern, class and individual…

Discusses errors in appraisals of African-Americans' economic progress in recent history, in order to show that African-Americans have made little progress toward achieving economic equality. Considers the changing roles of African-American and European American women in the labor market as vital to interpreting economic status trends. (JS)

Presents historical overview of Black women's battle against the dual forces of sexism and racism. Reviews the history of affirmative action. Provides summaries of articles contained in this special issue. The articles concentrate on community, economic/social, and education issues in relation to Black women and affirmative action. (JS)

Presents historical events, legal restrictions, and traditional customs as barriers that women of color have faced in pursuit of academic administrative positions. Discusses degree attainment and fields of study for different ethnic groups. Recent changes in affirmative action policy are discussed. (JS)

Within the context of the history of educational discrimination and related social movements in the United States, this book examines the underrepresentation of women and of racial and ethnic minorities in community college leadership. Chapter 1, "Finding Equality in Egalitarian Educational Institutions," presents the premise of the book, that…

In addition to an "Introduction" (Gonon, et. al), there are these 18 essays: "Women and Men in Swiss Vocational Education (Borkowsy); "Women in Basic and Advanced Training" (Grossenbacher); "How Constitutional Change and Legal Reform Projects Foster Equal Opportunities in the Fields of Vocational Education and Higher…