Suggests the need to understand how indirect social conditions shaped prison reformers' ideals and struggles. Examines the impact of prisoners' agency on the history of a key movement in prison education: the development of the Mutual Welfare Leagues. (JOW)

A study of the history of teacher training in Germany reveals many "blind spots." Several research approaches that may shed light on the relationship between teacher training and the processes of school reform in history are discussed. (Author/DF)

Reviews the role that philanthropic foundations have played in educational support, research, and reform since 1900. (GC)

Discusses the universality of mathematics and mathematics education, Western mathematics, social and educational change, mathematics education research, and the role of the "Journal for Research in Mathematics Education" (JRME). (MKR)

Considers imperialism in Taiwan because the model of Japanese colonial rule was developed here. Focuses on basic assumptions and structures associated with this model, including: (1) Japanese ideology and culture; (2) legal and political relationships between colony and metropolis; (3) educational policy in Taiwan; and (4) imperial education…

Developments in the fields of medicine and education, in conjunction with social conditions and intellectual climate, influenced the promotion of school based sex education in the late nineteenth century and on into the twentieth century. The complexity of the relationship between education and society is illustrated through an examination of how…

The Western influence on the development of Korean higher education, seen as characteristic of the tendency toward adaptation to American ideas and practices since the nineteenth century, is examined. Current Korean pressures toward increased academic nationalism and excellence are also discussed. (MSE)

Traces development of the Association for Childhood Education International from its founding in 1892 to the present, emphasizing historical events, social trends, and educational philosophies which have influenced its organizational endeavors. Examines current social problems and their influences on the educational and administrative direction of…

Written in 1933, this article is optimistic about the public schools' ability to stay open despite the economic crisis brought on by the Great Depression. Also discussed are general issues such as who shall attend high school and college, the proper relationships among various educational institutions, and curricular length and content. (GC)

During the decade that followed World War II, social studies education in the United States was affected by many societal changes, particularly the new socio-political climate and a widespread discontent with the state of postwar public education. By the mid 1950s there was a crisis atmosphere regarding U.S. education contributed to by limited…

In the 1960s many teachers in the British secondary schools began a major effort to redefine their attitude toward the mass media in the light of certain social and cultural pressures. Changes in students made it necessary to provide materials of a less formal academic kind and to introduce literature, music, and art that would relate more…

A social question faced by Latin American countries when they gained their independence from Spain was that of education. An extreme example of the difficulties encountered can be found in Paraguay where education was affected by the events of independence and by a new phenomenon, the Spanish American dictator. (RM)

Discusses foreign language school controversey in Hawaii, initially precipitated over the general quality of Island education and policy. Addresses various issues and court decisions, and legislation related to the schools, including the issue of Americanization of Hawaii's Asian immigrant population in the wake of World War I. (Author/JN)

Historically and today, Western academic models, practices, and orientations on Asian universities in colonized and non-colonized countries have shaped their higher education systems. Japanese colonialism in Korea and Taiwan is also significant. Contemporary patterns of international educational exchange have also affected Asian university growth.…

Traces the changing responsibilities of boards of education in response to public attitudes and social change. Examines the impact of research reports on public school reform since the publication of "A Nation at Risk" in 1983. Emphasizes the findings of the effective schools research. (FMW)