Examines early years of vocational guidance (1910-1930), noting that movement was not successful in advancing societal reform in area of women's occupational choice. Discusses social and occupational structure of the time, societal attitudes, and vocational guidance approaches used as conditions which contributed to early vocational counselors'…

Research on economic and employment opportunities for men and women has not focused enough on structural features of the labor market. Structural features, which influence worker's capacities to translate their human resources into labor market achievements, include profitability of industries, strength of worker organizations, skill requirements,…

This essay discusses the severe limitations in employment opportunities for black women during the early 1900s. The collection of photographs depicts black women in the following occupations: (1) nursemaid; (2) fieldhand; (3) dairymaid; (4) laundress; (5) factory worker; (6) beautician; (7) business owner; (8) organization president; and (9)…

Although the difficulties encountered during the first half of the twentieth century by such singers as Paul Robeson, Marian Anderson, and Roland Hayes are history, the recent struggles of black classical singers for recognition illustrate current barriers. Several prominent black opera and concert artists recount their experiences. (SLD)

The organization of the National Vocational Guidance Association was completed during a series of meetings held in 1913 at Grand Rapids, Michigan, October 21-24, inclusive. This was the third national conference on vocational guidance, previous meetings having been held at Boston in 1910 and New York City in 1912. At the latter meeting the…

The occupational adjustment of handicapped adults is a matter that vitally concerns the schools in which handicapped children are taught. It is not a problem that can be ignored until the child becomes of employable age or until he is ready to leave school to go to work. The years which he spends in the classroom must at least furnish the…

In examining the sexual structuring of employment in public education from 1840 to 1980, the following social phenomenon are discussed: (1) socially accepted attitudes on the role of women in the early part of the nineteenth century; (2) the structure of schooling and cultural emphasis upon the "natural" abilities of women to instruct young…

In addition to an "Introduction" (Gonon, et. al), there are these 18 essays: "Women and Men in Swiss Vocational Education (Borkowsy); "Women in Basic and Advanced Training" (Grossenbacher); "How Constitutional Change and Legal Reform Projects Foster Equal Opportunities in the Fields of Vocational Education and Higher…