Williams is an increasingly successful sculptor whose humor and optimism take form in his work. However, in his lifetime, at least, he expects that Black artists in America will continue to live in a double culture--having to prove themselves as people and then as artists. (Author/MC)

The history of Black professional football is obscure, although it is known that in the early years Black and White athletes played together on basis of ability. Several Black Americans were members of early professional football teams; however, in the late 1920s, they seemed to disappear from team rosters. Each of the eighteen Black professional…

This article discusses some of the philosophical and artistic motivations behind Lorraine Hansberry's work as a playwright. (BE)

Although Oscar Micheaux was not the first Black American filmmaker, he was undoubtedly the most prolific Black American movie producer. He is credited with making the first full-length, all-Black silent film produced by a Black company, as well as the first full-length, all-Black sound film. (Author/MC)

Mary Church Terrell (1863-1954) was a women's suffragist, organizer, and Black educator. She was the first Black woman member of any board of education and served as president of the National Association of Colored Women, the Washington, D.C. Chapter of the NAACP, and the Women's Republican League of Washington, D.C. (Author/GC)

Describes the eminent Black sociologist of the 1920s, E. Franklin Frazier, who made important contributions to social work and to the struggle against racism. Contends his legacy is missing from most histories of social welfare and is relevant to the crisis confronting social work in the1980s. (Author/ABL)

This article reviews the achievements of Delany as a critic and writer of both science fiction and short stories. His work is examined in the context of his childhood and his educational background. The role of the Black writer in the United States is discussed. (BE)

Charles Bentley was a dental practitioner, organizer, educator, intellectual, author, researcher, speaker and musician. His contributions to dental health care were universally applicable, but they were grudgingly accepted by mainstream dentistry in the United States. He was criticized by many fellow Blacks and envied by many White colleagues.…

Reviews the life and accomplishments of Ralph Bunche, winner of the 1950 Nobel Peace Prize for his mediation in the first Arab-Israeli war. The focus is on Bunche's higher education, from undergraduate work at the University of California, Los Angeles, through his graduate work at Harvard. (SLD)

Chronicles the personal and professional life of Nike Twins Seven Seven (born 1951), a Nigerian batik artist, and her husband, Twins Seven Seven, a musician-artist, both of whom have received international acclaim. (BJV)

Describes the work of William T. Richardson, a principal figure in the Port Royal Experiment. Richardson taught and supervised the teaching of several thousand newly freed Black adults in the Sea Islands during the Civil War. His work offers a look at an early chapter in adult basic education's history. (Author/CH)

Locke was one of the first Black educators to recognize the intrinsic value of adult education. He believed that it constituted an essential tool for the social and cultural advancement of all adults worldwide. Locke's efforts in American cities, until his death in 1954, fostered social and intellectual progress in the Black community. (Author/GC)

Award-winning Colorado Springs Superintendent Trevor Burnley has dedicated his energies to the "kid business"; he recently adopted his two young grandchildren and works diligently to keep schoolchildren away from the eight-ball. Faced with a slashed budget, he had to cut staff and freeze salaries, earning teachers' resentment. He…

Interview with Alice Childress (born 1920), an actress, playwright, novelist, editor, and lecturer. Her "Gold through the Forest" (1952) was the first play by a Black woman to be produced professionally on the American stage. Her latest play, "Moms," was produced in New York City in 1987. (BJV)

Historians of American music education have yet to recognize a Black music educator as important and worthy of observation. This article discusses a candidate--Major Nathaniel Clark Smith, a little-known Black music educator, composer of more than a hundred works, businessman, humanitarian, and teacher of numerous big-name jazz musicians. (RM)