The Supreme Court's recent legal reinterpretation of desegregation requirements for "de jure" segregated states and its finding (in "United States vs. Fordice") of continued segregation in Mississippi is being used by civil lights activists to compel redesign of effective remedies, monitor progress, and increase racial…

In politics, economics, education, and religion, Blacks still largely depend upon White institutions. White resistance to affirmative action means that the subordinate position of Blacks in American society is likely to continue. The only feasible alternative is Black mobilization and organization on a scale parallel to that of the 1960s.…

Discusses errors in appraisals of African-Americans' economic progress in recent history, in order to show that African-Americans have made little progress toward achieving economic equality. Considers the changing roles of African-American and European American women in the labor market as vital to interpreting economic status trends. (JS)

Presents historical overview of Black women's battle against the dual forces of sexism and racism. Reviews the history of affirmative action. Provides summaries of articles contained in this special issue. The articles concentrate on community, economic/social, and education issues in relation to Black women and affirmative action. (JS)

Argues that the pervading purpose of the Reconstruction Amendments to the Constitution was not only to secure and firmly establish Blacks' freedom, but also to take color or race into account in remedying discrimination in violation of the spirit, if not the letter, of those amendments. (CMG)

This biography for young readers recounts in 10 chapters, the life of Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall, and focuses on his life as a civil rights litigator who played a key role in the integration of education in the United States. Marshall's family history; boyhood and schooling in Baltimore (Maryland) and New York City; decision to attend…

Presents historical events, legal restrictions, and traditional customs as barriers that women of color have faced in pursuit of academic administrative positions. Discusses degree attainment and fields of study for different ethnic groups. Recent changes in affirmative action policy are discussed. (JS)

The origins, history, and final demise of discriminatory admissions policies at Harvard, Princeton and Yale are examined. It is reported that by the early 1920's the Big Three racial and religious quotas were fully operative in response to the influx of Jews, Catholics, and other new groups that threatened the hegemony of the old-stock Americans…

Ethnic/race relations among trustees, administrators, faculty, and professional nonfaculty who were affiliated with colleges and universities located in the Southeastern United States during the late 1970s were examined. The macroscopic theory of the split labor market (Bonacich, 1979) was modified and tested within an institutional framework.…