Finger painting is often regarded as the epitome of free expression for children. However, a careful review of the history of Ruth Shaw's finger-painting system reveals that it was dominated by specific techniques and stylistic conventions taught without a critical understanding of art history or appreciation. (IS)

Considers the career and accomplishments of Colonel Wayland Parker, a late-19th-century educator and reformer. Parker worked to establish art education as an essential part of every school's curriculum. He proposed integrating art into all of the daily subjects and recommended the establishment of studio and workshop spaces. (MJP)