Provides a historical accounting of the work of early African American educational evaluators to show the critical place of race and culture in both historical and contemporary visions of responsive evaluation. Discusses reasons their work has so largely been ignored. (SLD)

Reviews the history of the establishment of the concept of race. Traces the origins to the work of 17th- and 18th-century writers. Concludes that the notion of race became popular because it was associated with national identity and emerging ideas regarding evolution. (JDH)

A revolution in genetics is occurring, but when looking ahead, we must not romanticize the past. The social history of genetics, and American education's association with eugenics, make it necessary that we understand that both education and science are informed by social attitudes. (MT)

The experiences of Whites and Blacks in the American Colonial period were strikingly different. Blacks were committed to Whites' Enlightenment ideology, which did not reflect Black experience. Blacks in the Colonial era were unable to create political structures capable of making sense of the Black experience. (BJV)

Examines the occupational status, educational attainment, earnings, and level of business ownership of Black women since 1910. Discusses the following trends: (1) concentration in low-level occupations; (2) slow increases among professional and technical occupations; (3) minimal business ownership; and (4) increased incomes compared to White and…

Traces the history and underlying causes of health care discrimination and deprivation for Blacks compared with other Americans. This disparity is a result of policymakers' attempt to frame the problem in nonracial terms, physicians' attitudes, and scientific myths about Black inferiority. Calls for an elimination of institutional racism in health…

Views suicide as an historical indicator of social factors related to urbanization and urban life. Discusses historical and contemporary problems with data collection, especially in terms of race and sex of victims and underreporting among particular groups. Suggests theoretical approaches to the study of suicide in contemporary society. (GC)

The widespread American belief that Blacks and females cannot learn mathematics as easily as White males is a self-perpetuating myth. Notable Black mathematicians of the past and present are surveyed. A large pool of Black technical talent is being ignored. (BJV)

Reviews the literature attesting to the strengths of African-American families and explores ways in which those strengths can be affirmed in the infrastructure of the family system. Explores a conceptualization of empowerment that involves rejecting a structural functionalist perspective in favor of a sociocultural framework. Discusses…

Throughout the educational history of American society, the entrance of a new group was extremely threatening to the established traditionalists already in power at educational institutions. An analysis is done of the advent of various groups onto the American educational scene. Implications are made for modern comparisons. (JN)

Reviews the controversy surrounding the work of Cyril Burt on the genetic contribution to mental ability and argues that the disparagement of Burt's results provides one of the most extraordinary cases of counterfeit charges in academic psychology. Suggesting genetic differences in brain size or intellect is politically incorrect. (SLD)

Discusses use of the term "African-American" in the context of relationships among country of origin, identification with that country, and the American experience. Finds no association between name identification and current Black social movements. Suggests that the issue should not overshadow continued effort to gain economic stability…

Analyzes male occupational stratification for 35 ethnic populations, defined by race and national origins. While racial and Spanish-origin minorities had average occupational statuses far below that of White males of native parentage, most European ethnics were equal to or only slightly below the majority population in 1940 and 1950. (AF)

Discusses Black Americans' concern about what to call themselves and examines attempts to develop an Afrocentric point of view. Questions an automatic identification between African-Americans and Africa, citing political, historical, and socioeconomic factors that qualify assumptions of cultural continuity, and calls for continued assessment and…

The term "African" has gone through several phases of acceptability in the course of United States history. Changes in the applicability of the name reflect developments in African-American consciousness in the context of national and world history. Recognition of African identity is influencing Black definition and direction worldwide.…