Aporti is credited with starting Italian infant education, opening his first school in 1827 in Lombardy, which was then ruled by Austria. This paper discusses Aporti's educational views, his career, the spread of Italian infant schools and, particularly, reactions of the government and the church to Aporti and his movement. (SJL)

This paper discusses the life and works of Margaret McMillan and Maria Montessori, two advocates for the poor who played a significant role in social and educational reform in Britain and Italy, respectively, in the late 19th- and early 20th century. The upbringing, education, and social milieu of the two women are compared, as well as their…