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Peer reviewedMeyers, Peter V. – History of Education Quarterly, 1985
Many researchers believe that professional development derives from power struggles. This case study shows that the professionalization of nineteenth-century secular French primary school teachers was generated by the interplay between teachers and other participants--particularly the Catholic church, families, and the state--in the funding and…
Descriptors: Comparative Education, Conflict, Educational History, Elementary Education
Download full textMale, George A. – Office of Education, US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, 1963
The present bulletin on education in France is another in the Office of Education's long established series on education in other countries. France is of particular interest because of its strong educational traditions and its dedication to democratic principles. In the process of gathering information for this study, the author visited schools in…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Educational History, Politics of Education, Educational Administration
Peer reviewedFuller, Bruce; And Others – Social Forces, 1992
Based on time-series data, found that growth in enrollment rates in French elementary schools, 1837-81, was related to urbanization and spending by local village councils and was not related to central government action or changing economic demands. Nationwide economic and political processes confronted highly variable local conditions influenced…
Descriptors: Educational Demand, Educational History, Elementary Education, Elementary Schools
Brown, J. C. – United States Bureau of Education, Department of the Interior, 1915
The International Commission on the Teaching of Mathematics created by the International Congress of Mathematics at Rome, Italy, in 1908, submitted a large body of reports to the congress at Cambridge, England, in 1912. Those for the United States have been published as bulletins for the Bureau of Education. The material in this bulletin shows…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Mathematics Education, Mathematics Curriculum, Elementary School Mathematics
United States Bureau of Education, Department of the Interior, 1891
Volume I of the 1888-1889 "Report of the Commissioner of Education" is in the two parts and begins with the Commissioner of Education's introduction which includes general statistics; grade of instruction; school property; education in the south; comparison of German, French, and American schools; course of study; the educational systems…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Comparative Education, School Statistics, Educational Facilities
Bureau of Education, Department of the Interior, 1881
The Commissioner of Education reviews the work of the office, and provides discussion and data, with some diagrams on the following topics: six-year summary of institutions, instructors, and students; enrollment and attendance of the school-age population; public school teacher employment and salaries; per-capita expenditures on ungraded schools…
Descriptors: Public Agencies, Schools, Teachers, Students
