Three curricular approaches to spelling instruction are discussed: whole word; phonemic; and morphemic. Sameness analysis is used to indicate the theoretical potential of each approach for helping students with learning disabilities to achieve generalization in their spelling, and the influence of generalization upon retention and transfer is…

Determining the language skill deficits of learning-disabled students may be difficult. They have many appropriate language skills, but may miss the subtlety of language. This is exemplified by their lack of awareness of morphemes and the important information that less-stressed morphemes provide. Developing or selecting a program to improve their…

This article describes the Advanced Language Structures program, a language program for students in grades K-12 who are gifted or gifted/at-risk or who have dyslexia/learning disabilities. The program emphasizes prefixes, suffixes, and Latin/Greek roots to provide students with strategies for reading and spelling higher-level words and developing…

Basic aspects of computer processing of Esperanto are considered in relation to orthography and computer representation, phonetics, morphology, one-syllable and multisyllable words, lexicon, semantics, and syntax. There are 28 phonemes in Esperanto, each represented in orthography by a single letter. The PLATO system handles diacritics by using a…