Disproportionate rates of suspensions and expulsions among racial/ethnic groups are a local, state, and national concern. Maryland has made significant progress in decreasing the use of exclusionary discipline, but there is substantial work left to do to move toward equity. Maryland has cut the use of exclusionary discipline practices by half in the last decade, from 8.7 to 4.3 percent since the 2005-2006 school year. However, when Maryland discipline data is disaggregated by student group, it becomes apparent that the experience of individual student groups varies widely. According to 2015-2016 data, 8.1 percent of African-American students and 9.9 percent of students with disabilities in Maryland received an out-of-school suspension or expulsion, compared to just 2.3 percent of white students and 3.6 percent of students without disabilities. It was review of data such as this that sparked reform in the area of equitable discipline and caused the Maryland State Board of Education (MSBE) to direct the Maryland State Department of Education (MSDE) to develop a method to analyze local school system discipline data. Data indicators can help school climate or leadership teams identify racial/ethnic disproportionality in school discipline practices. The purpose of this guide is to help educators understand the MSDE's method for analyzing out-of-school suspension and expulsion data to determine whether school discipline practices have a disproportionate impact on students of color and students with disabilities. This guide outlines a process for examining disproportionality within schools, as well as root cause analysis to help systems and schools identify areas of need on which to focus to reduce and eliminate disproportionality in schools. The guide is a part of a statewide effort to reform school discipline and ensures that policies and practices related to student conduct foster appropriate behavior create a positive school climate, and safe environments. In addition, this guide is a framework for Maryland schools and systems to use in analyzing discipline-related policies and practices that may lead to disproportionality.