This monograph examines the component parts of behavior modification, initially defining the problem behavior and drawing a difference between specific observable behaviors (the focus of behavior modification), and the interest of Freudian and similar psychologies in unobservable internal processes. Instrumental learning related to shaping in behavior modification, schedules of reinforcement--with an emphasis on variable ratio schedules, extinction, negative reinforcement, positive reinforcement, modeling and prompting, satiation, negative practice and group reinforcement--are discussed as behavior modification techniques. Creating environments conducive to change considers the control of behavior by modifying stimuli likely to influence specific behaviors. Stimulus generalization, discrimination learning, stimulus control (in which dieting and sleeping are offered as examples), reciprocal inhibition, forced exposure desensitization, and rehearsal are discussed from a practical point of view. The final chapter outlines a method of organized approach to difficult problems, and involves (1) the identification of component problems, (2) their ordering in terms of levels of severity, and (3) solution of component problems starting with the easiest and progressing to the most difficult. (JS)