The attainment gap in science may not be as well-documented as the gap in English and maths, but it is just as pervasive. Our research has shown that disadvantaged pupils start to fall behind in science in Key Stage 1; the gap only gets wider throughout primary and secondary school and on to A-level. Helping schools to use evidence and to understand better the most effective ways to improve results is the best way to tackle this country's stark science attainment gap. This is why we've produced this guidance report. It offers seven practical evidence-based recommendations--that are relevant to all pupils, but particularly to those struggling with science.