Any discussion of English as a Second Language (ESL) literacy should address three critical areas: who the learners are, what is to be taught, and how the literacy skills are to be taught. Three distinct groups of students can be classified as "non-literate" in their own language: pre-literates, illiterates, and semi-literates. Two approaches are…

This handbook is intended to introduce tutors to literacy work with students for whom English is a second language (ESL). The first part deals with the following aspects of literacy and speakers of English as a second language: the role of literacy in second language work, some factors that affect learning, steps in negotiating a curriculum,…

Describes an unsuccessful attempt at teaching a well-motivated adult non-reader to read. Details different approaches that were tried, such as the sight method, auditory methods, tactile methods. Suggests ways to avoid reading failure in adults, such as checking for disabilities, and getting to know the student. (SKC)