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Russell, Michael – 2000
This Digest introduces the advantages and disadvantages of three commonly used methods of reporting test score changes: (1) change in percentile rank; (2) scale or raw score change; and (3) percent change. The change in percentile rank method focuses on the increase or decrease of the mean percentile ranking for a group of students. This method…
Descriptors: Achievement Gains, Change, Evaluation Methods, Scores
Rudner, Lawrence M.; Schafer, William D. – 2001
This digest discusses sources of error in testing, several approaches to estimating reliability, and several ways to increase test reliability. Reliability has been defined in different ways by different authors, but the best way to look at reliability may be the extent to which measurements resulting from a test are characteristics of those being…
Descriptors: Educational Testing, Error of Measurement, Reliability, Scores
Russell, Michael – 2000
An earlier Digest described the shortcomings of three methods commonly used to summarize changes in test scores. This Digest describes two less commonly used approaches for examining changes in test scores, those of Standardized Growth Estimates and Effect Sizes. Aspects of these two approaches are combined and applied to the Iowa Test of Basic…
Descriptors: Achievement Gains, Change, Effect Size, Evaluation Methods
Moskal, Barbara M. – 2003
This Digest addresses developing scoring rubrics, administering performance assessments, and scoring, interpreting, and using results. In developing scoring rubrics, the criteria within the scoring rubric should be clearly aligned with the requirements of the task and the state goals and objectives. They should also be expressed in terms of…
Descriptors: Criteria, Performance Based Assessment, Scoring Rubrics, Test Construction
Mertler, Craig A. – 2002
This Digest addresses two ways that classroom teachers can use the results of standardized tests: (1) to revise instruction for entire classes or courses; and (2) to develop specific intervention strategies for individual students. Test publishing companies typically provide classroom-level reports to enable teachers to see how a group of students…
Descriptors: Elementary Secondary Education, Intervention, Research Reports, Standardized Tests
Eissenberg, Thomas E.; Rudner, Lawrence M. – 1988
Guidelines for explaining standardized test results to parents of students are provided. More specifically, the guidelines cover rationales for testing, the various types of scores and their meanings, and means of interpreting scores. Scores covered include stanine scores, percentile scores, and grade-level equivalent scores. The importance to…
Descriptors: Elementary Secondary Education, Grade Equivalent Scores, Parent School Relationship, Scores
Frechtling, Joy A.; Myerberg, N. James – 1983
The purpose of this document is to address issues related to the release of test scores to a variety of audiences: parents, school board members, school staff, the news media, and the general public. Guidelines or recommendations for reporting test data are provided. The recommendations are based both on experiences in reporting test results and…
Descriptors: Annual Reports, Elementary Secondary Education, Evaluation Utilization, Graphs
Rudner, Lawrence M., Ed.; Conoley, Jane Close; Plake, Barbara S. – 1989
Current information about tests and testing procedures is provided for school district staff, particularly in districts without specially trained testing directors. Practical information is given about selecting and administering tests and about reporting results effectively. This guide opens with a discussion of the basic principles of testing.…
Descriptors: Achievement Tests, Administrator Role, Administrators, Elementary Secondary Education
Macklem, Gayle L. – 1990
Aptitude tests are defined in contrast to intelligence and achievement tests. Although aptitude tests, like intelligence tests, measure a student's overall performance across a broad range of mental capabilities, the former also often include items that measure more specialized abilities (such as verbal and numerical skills) that predict…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Achievement Tests, Aptitude Tests, Comparative Testing
Stevens, Floraline I. – 1984
An urban school district affected by testing in the effective schools context is described in order to provide examples of the effects of testing on teaching and the curriculum. The report describes the method of operationalizing the effective schools research using test information. An important catalyst to improving the instructional program was…
Descriptors: Community Involvement, Criterion Referenced Tests, Curriculum Development, Educational Testing
Fitzsimmons, Mary K. – 1998
This brief identifies practices that include students with disabilities in large-scale assessments as required by the reauthorized and amended 1997 Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. It notes relevant research by the National Center on Educational Outcomes and summarizes major findings of studies funded by the U.S. Office of Special…
Descriptors: Alternative Assessment, Compliance (Legal), Disabilities, Educational Assessment
Helberg, Clay – 1996
Abuses and misuses of statistics are frequent. This digest attempts to warn against these in three broad classes of pitfalls: sources of bias, errors of methodology, and misinterpretation of results. Sources of bias are conditions or circumstances that affect the external validity of statistical results. In order for a researcher to make…
Descriptors: Causal Models, Comparative Analysis, Data Analysis, Error of Measurement
Childs, Ruth Axman – 1990
A brief introduction to the topic of gender bias and fairness in testing is provided. A test is biased if men and women with the same ability levels tend to obtain different scores. The conditions under which a test is administered, the wording of individual test items, and a student's attitude toward the test can affect test results. While gender…
Descriptors: Achievement Tests, Aptitude Tests, College Entrance Examinations, Court Litigation
De Lisi, Richard – 1980
A review of the basic information on intelligence testing as a schooling practice is presented, including a discussion of what intelligence is and three psychological approaches to studying intelligence (psychometric, behavioristic, and developmental). All intelligence tests derived from the psychometric approach are standardized and…
Descriptors: Ability Grouping, Educational Practices, Elementary Secondary Education, Intelligence
Kean, Michael H. – IRCD Bulletin, 1980
This paper explores factors which may account for the translation of research into educational policy through a case study. The case study was conducted jointly by the School District and Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to determine what variables contribute to reading achievement. Students from grades one through four in…
Descriptors: Administrator Role, Case Studies, Educational Policy, Educational Research
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