Four common myths or misconceptions in the United States about language are discussed, drawing on historical evidence and contemporary data. These myths are that: (1) the predominance of English and English literacy is threatened; (2) English literacy is the only literacy worth noting; (3) English illiteracy is high because language minorities are not as eager to learn English and assimilate as prior generations were; and (4) the best way to promote English literacy is to immerse children and adults in English-only instruction. It is concluded that the persistence of the myth of English monolingualism in the United States reflects the belief that English is the only language that counts, and the mentality that language diversity is a problem rather than a resource. Most national literacy estimates are based solely on English abilities, tending to inflate the perception that there is a literacy crisis. Contains 18 references. (MSE) (Adjunct ERIC Clearinghouse on Literacy Education)