From a science perspective, inquiry-oriented instruction engages students in the investigative nature of science. Inquiry involves activity and skills, but the focus is on the active search for knowledge or understanding to satisfy a curiosity. This digest further describes the distinguishing features of inquiry-oriented science instruction and provides a review of the literature on the benefits of teaching through inquiry. This document emphasizes that an emphasis on inquiry-oriented teaching does not necessarily preclude the use of textbooks or other instructional materials. As instructional technology advances, there will be more options for using a variety of materials to enrich inquiry-oriented instruction. (Contains 42 references.) (PR)