As the nation has become aware of the scope of adult illiteracy and its tremendous cost, literacy programs have proliferated. New populations of language minority adults are becoming eligible for and involved in an increasing number of these programs. They include, among others, refugees whose training is no longer funded by the Office of Refugee Resettlement, and newly legal amnesty clients who have come into Adult Basic Education programs from classes conducted under the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986. It is necessary to consider how recruitment and retention of these and other students in literacy programs can be enhanced. (VWL) (Adjunct ERIC Clearinghouse on Literacy Education)