This comparison is based on the authors' selective review of literature, observations of Montessori preschools in America and Australia, and experience in early childhood teacher education in Australia. The discussion explores general educational objectives, curricula, children's activities, instructional approaches, and teacher role in preschools implementing Montessorian and eclectic (or "regular") approaches. The preparation of early childhood teachers for Montessori and regular preschools is also compared and discussed in relation to advances in knowledge of child development and modern educational theory and practice. Recent research comparing educational outcomes of Montessori and regular preschool education is cited. The discussion concludes with an evaluation of the relevance and usefulness of the Montessori approach within the fields of preschool education and teacher education today. (RH)