This monograph examines the phenomenon of retirement from the perspectives of the individual, the institution, and the socioeconomic system. In the first of five sections, the author looks at the evolution and institutionalization of the concept, discussing the effects of legislative and personnel policies, altered social and economic status, and adjustment to role loss upon the individual's attitude toward retirement. The second section depicts the demographic changes that are increasing the proportions of the elderly in the population and the implications for society of a better-educated, healthier, longer-lived elderly cohort. In particular, early retirement, the influence of life-style upon preretirement planning, and changes in the work and retirement status of women are described. The next section reviews the history of preretirement programs, outlining several content and process models developed by employers, unions, educational institutions, and community agencies. A fourth section illustrates changing options for retirees, including flexible retirement policies, part-time work, gradual retirement, and retraining. Data on public attitudes about work, retirement, and participation in preretirement planning are presented. The author concludes by summarizing implications for preretirement education, emphasizing program innovation, interagency cooperation, and the development of life-centered education that recognizes the contributive value of retirees. (SK)