Drawing upon research into the nature of the English writing system and about the development of spelling ability, this booklet presents an approach to spelling in which learning to spell is viewed as a highly complex intellectual accomplishment that develops over time and in conjunction with a student's experience with and knowledge of the…

An examination of materials development for independent study in listening comprehension of English as a second language (ESL) begins with an outline of current directions in second language instruction. The discussion that follows has two parts. The first is a review of some changing perspectives on the role of listening in language learning and…