Listening and speaking, the most used language skills in the classroom, are critical for functioning in an English language context, and are logical starting points for language instruction for low-literacy learners. Speaking is an interactive process of constructing meaning that involves producing, receiving, and processing information. A…

The purpose of this report is to acquaint the reader with the culture of the refugees entering American schools, to identify some of the educational problems they and educators face, and to help identify solutions or possibilities within educational management terms. In the first section of the report, the values, customs, traditions, beliefs, and…

A major goal of ESL education is to teach students how to speak English well enough to converse spontaneously and naturally with native speakers. Discourse analysis provides an understanding of those skills second language learners need to acquire to converse with native speakers and an understanding of how these skills may most beneficially be…