This digest uses a question-and-answer format to summarize issues in the use of cochlear implants (an array of electrodes surgically implanted into the cochlea) with deaf or hard-of-hearing children. It describes the implants and summarizes the research on the effectiveness of the devices, which indicates that the devices are most effective in cases of postlingual deafness. The population who are candidates for this technology is identified, noting that candidacy criteria are becoming broader to include some children with residual hearing. Benefits of cochlear implants are listed, such as increased capacity for spoken language acquisition, improved behavior, and increased intelligibility of speech. Possible limitations of implants are also considered and parents are provided with a list of questions to ask when considering the cochlear implant option. (Contains 15 references.) (DB)